Table 4.
Preclinical and Clinical Stroke Studies Assessing the Effect of LncRNA on the Regulation of Inflammation
| Author, Year | LncRNA | Provenance | Cell | Expression | Signaling Pathways | Microglia | Inflammatory Factors | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao et al 2020 | MALAT1 | Mice, Cells | BV2 | Decrease | miR-181c-5p/HMGB1 | Activation | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 | MCAO |
| Zhang et al 2017 | MALAT1 | Mice, Cells | Mouse BMECs | Increase | NA | NA | MCP-1, IL-6, and E-selectin | MACO, OGD/R |
| Ren et al 2020 | MALAT1 | Human | Blood | Decrease | NA | NA | CRP, TNF-a, IL-6, 8, 10, 17, 22 | AIS |
| Ruan et al 2018 | MALAT1 | Rats, Cells | rBMVECs | Increase | CREB/PGC-1α/PPARγ | NA | TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1β | tMCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2017 | MALAT1 | Rats, Cells | Microglia | Increase | MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6 | Activation | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | MCAO |
| Zhong et al 2019 | SNHG14 | Rats, Cells | PC12 | Increase | miR-136-5p/ROCK1 | NA | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Qi et al 2020 | SNHG14 | Mice, Cells | BV2 | Increase | miR-145-5p/PLA2G4A | Activation | TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Zhang et al 2021 | SNHG14 | Mice, Cells | BV2 | Increase | miR‐199b/AQP4 | Activation | IL-1β, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Lv et al 2020 | SNHG1 | Cells | HCMIEC/D3 | Decrease | miR-376a/CBS/H2S | NA | IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α | OGD/R |
| Zhang et al 2020 | SNHG4 | Human, Rats | Blood, HEK293 | Increase | miR-449c-5p/STAT6 | Activation | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, 6, 10 | AIS, MCAO, OGD/R |
| Guo et al 2020 | SNHG15 | Mice, /Cells | N2a | Increase | miR-18a/CXXL13/ERK/MEK | NA | TNF-a, IL-1β | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Hu et al 2021 | SNHG15 | Mice, Cells | HT22, BV2 | Increase | miR-302a-3p/STAT1/NF-κB | Activation | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Xu et al 2021 | H19 | Mice, Cells | HT22 | Increase | miR‐29b/SIRT1/PGC‐1α | NA | IL-6, 1β, 10, TNF-α, TGF-β1 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Li et al 2020 | H19 | Rats, Cells | PC12 | Increase | miR-138-5p/p65 | NA | IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α | tMCAO OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2017 | H19 | Human, Mice, Cells | Blood, BV2 | Increase | HDAC1 | Polarization | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Zhang et al 2021 | NEAT1 | Rats | Neuron | Increase | miR‐22‐3p | NA | IL-1β, IL-18 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Li et al 2019 | NEAT1 | Human | Blood | Increase | miR124, miR125a | NA | IL-6, 8, 10, 17, 22, 1β, TNF-α, | AIS |
| Ni et al 2020 | NEAT1 | Human | Blood, BV2, N2a | Increase | NA | Activation | CD16, 32, 86, BDNF, PDGF, Arg-1 | AIS, OGD/R |
| Li et al 2020 | MEG3 | Mice, Cells | BV2 | Increase | KLF4 | Polarization | IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Liang et al 2019 | MEG3 | Rats, Cells | Cells | Increase | miR-485/AIM2 | NA | IL-1β, IL-18 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Wen et al 2017 | Gm4419 | Cells | Microglia | Increase | NF-κB | Activation | TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 | OGD/R |
| Kuai et al 2021 | THRIL | Rats, Cells | SH-SY5Y | Increase | miR-24-3p/NRP1/NF-κB | NA | IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Chen et al 2021 | OIP5-AS1 | Human, Rats | Blood, BV2 | Decrease | miR-186-5p/CTRP3 | Activation | TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 | AIS, OGD/R |
| Zhang et al 2019 | 1810034E14Rik | Mice, Cells | Microglia | Decrease | NA | activation | TNF‐α, IL‐1β, 4, 6, and 10 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Tian et al 2020 | Snhg8 | Mice, Cells | Microglial | Decrease | miR‐425‐5p/SIRT1/NF‐κB | Activation | TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2019 | TUG1 | Cells | BV2, SH-SY5Y | Increase | miR-145a-5p/NF-κB | Polarization | TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10 | OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2020 | EPS | Mice | NSC, microglia | Increase | NA | Migration | TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 | tMCAO |
| Gao et al 2019 | FAL1 | Cells | HBMVECs | Decrease | PAK1/AKT | NA | IL-6, MCP-1 | OGD/R |
| Hao et al 2021 | TTTY15 | Cells | PC12 | Increase | miR‐766‐5p | NA | TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐18, IL‐10 | OGD/R |
| Yi et al 2020 | KCNQ1OT1 | Human | Blood, PC12 | Increase | miR-140-3p | NA | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 | AIS, OGD/R |
| Zhang ert al. 2019 | ITSN1-2 | Human | Blood | Increase | miR‐107, miR‐125a, miR‐146a | NA | TNF‐α, IL‐1β, 6, 8, 17, 22 | AIS |
| Chen et al 2021 | U90926 | Mice, Cells | Microglia, BV2 | Increase | MDH2/ CXCL2 | NA | CD45, 11b, 19, 8, Ly6G, | tMCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2021 | Fender | Mice, Cells | BV2 | Increase | HERC2/NLRC4 | NA | IL-1β, IL-18 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2021 | SOX2OT | Rats, Cells | PC12 | Increase | miR-135a-5p/NR3C2 | NA | IL-1β, IL-6 | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2021 | XIST | Mice, Cells | PC12 | Increase | miR‐362/ROCK2 | NA | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Zhang et al 2020 | ZFAS1 | Rats, Cells | PC12 | Decrease | miR-582-3p | NA | IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α | MCAO, OGD/R |
| Wang et al 2020 | Maclpil | Mice, Cells | Cells | Increase | LCPI | NA | IL-1β, IL-4 | MCAO |
| Feng et al 2018 | ANRIL | Human | Blood | Decrease | NA | NA | IL-6, 8, 10, 17, IL-1β, TNF-α | AIS |
| Ren et al 2020 | UCA1 | Human | Blood | Increase | NA | NA | IL-6, IL-17 | AIS |
Abbreviations: NA, not available; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; BMECs, brain microvascular endothelial cells; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; CRP, C-reactive protein; AIS, acute ischemic stroke; rBMVECs, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells; CREB, cAMP response element binding; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ; tMCAO, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; FAL1, focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1; HBMVECs, human primary brain microvascular endothelial cells; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation; SNHG, small nucleolar RNA host gene; CXCL13, CXC chemokine ligand 13; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MEK, mitogen- activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; HCMIEC/D3, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line; TTTY15, testis‐specific transcript Y‐linked 15; THRIL, HNRNPL related immunoregulatory long non-coding RNA; NRP1, neuropilin-1; SIRT1, silent mating‐type information regulation 2 homolog 1; TGF, transforming growth factor; HDACs, histones catalyzed by histone deacetylases; MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3; KLF4, Krüppel-like factor 4; YY1, Yin Yang 1; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; LCP1, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1; NR3C2, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2; ROCK2, Rho-related coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2; ITSN1-2, intersectin 1‐2; OIP5-AS1, Opa-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1; CTRP3, C1q/TNF-related protein 3; Snhg8, Small nucleolar RNA host gene 8; TUG1, taurine up-regulated gene 1; NSC, neural stem cell.