Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Overall Survival (n=567)
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Sex | Female | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Male | 1.59 (1.15–2.20) | 0.004 | 1.37 (0.98–1.92) | 0.06 | |
| Age (years) | < 65 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| ≥ 65 | 1.66 (1.23–2.23) | 0.0008 | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 0.107 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 25 | Ref. | NA | ||
| ≥ 25 | 0.70 (0.49–1.00) | 0.053 | NA | ||
| No data | 0.45 (0.06–3.25) | 0.431 | NA | ||
| CEA (ng/mL) | < 5 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| ≥ 5 | 1.86 (1.37–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.33 (0.96–1.85) | 0.08 | |
| No data | 0.90 (0.36–2.21) | 0.81 | 0.67 (0.26–1.68) | 0.39 | |
| Tumor site | Colon | Ref. | |||
| Rectum | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | 0.259 | |||
| Histologic grade | G1 & G2 | Ref. | |||
| G3 | 1.60 (0.78–3.26) | 0.192 | |||
| Mucinous & SRC | 1.38 (0.75–2.54) | 0.299 | |||
| LVI | Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Present | 2.09 (1.52–2.87) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.04–2.04) | 0.027 | |
| No data | 2.29 (1.37–3.82) | 0.001 | 2.00 (1.16–3.44) | 0.012 | |
| AJCC Stage | I & II | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| III | 1.35 (0.93–1.96) | 0.109 | 1.90 (1.23–2.94) | 0.003 | |
| IV | 5.23 (3.54–7.73) | <0.001 | 4.11 (2.67–6.33) | <0.001 | |
| Complications | No | Ref. | NA | ||
| Yes | 1.43 (1.02–1.99) | 0.036 | NA | ||
| Chemotherapy | No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.39 (0.29–0.52) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.26–0.53) | <0.001 | |
| NLR-pre | Low | Ref. | NA | ||
| High | 1.67 (1.24–2.26) | 0.0007 | NA | ||
| NLR-post | Low | Ref. | NA | ||
| High | 1.56 (1.16–2.10) | 0.003 | NA | ||
| NLR-trend | G1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| G2 | 2.18 (1.38–3.46) | 0.0008 | 1.86 (1.17–2.97) | 0.0084 | |
| G3 | 2.15 (1.43–3.23) | 0.0002 | 2.02 (1.33–3.08) | 0.0009 | |
| G4 | 2.28 (1.50–3.46) | 0.0001 | 2.00 (1.30–3.10) | 0.0016 | |
| NLR-delta | Low | Ref. | NA | ||
| High | 0.68 (0.5–0.94) | 0.02 | NA | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; SRC, signet ring cell; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.