Ghasemi 2013.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants |
Diagnosis: DSM‐IV major depressive episode (1 bipolar disorder, depressed)
N: 18 Age: ketamine group M = 35.22 (SD = 13.63); ECT group M =40 (SD = 16.41) Sex: ketamine group 56% female; ECT group 56% female Baseline depression severity: ketamine group HRSD = 30.22 (SD = 5.78); ECT group HRSD = 35.88 (SD = 6.47) |
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| Interventions | 1 week of treatment Ketamine (N = 9) 0.5 mg/kg over 45 minutes, 1 IV infusion every 48 hours ECT (N = 9) 3 bilateral ECT sessions every 48 hours. During each ECT procedure, patients were administered 0.5 mg atropine followed by 2–3 mg/kg thiopental intravenously(IV); succinylcholine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered as a muscle relaxant after the induction of anaesthesia Concomitant treatment: yes, patients continued existing treatments for depression |
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| Outcomes | BDI HRSD Response rates (≥ 50% reduction in HRSD scores) Adverse events | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details given on randomisation procedure beyond ''randomly assigned'' |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details given on allocation concealment |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: ''Treatment team members, including physicians and psychologists conducting the rating scales, were blinded to the treatment group except for the anesthesiologist'' |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: ''Treatment team members, including physicians and psychologists conducting the rating scales, were blinded to the treatment group except for the anesthesiologist'' |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Study reports dropouts (zero) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Protocol unavailable, but means and SDs of all measures specified in methods section reported at all time points |
| Other bias | Low risk | No other potential sources of bias identified |