Grunebaum 2018.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised, double‐blind, controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DSM‐IV major depressive episode N: 80 Age: ketamine 0.5 mg/kg group M = 38.4 (SD = 13.2); midazolam 0.02 mg/kg group M = 40.7 (SD = 13.1) Sex: ketamine 0.5 mg/kg group 55% female; midazolam 0.02 mg/kg group 65% female Baseline depression severity: ketamine 0.5 mg/kg group HAM‐D score M = 22.2 (SD = 4.6); midazolam 0.02 mg/kg group HAM‐D score M = 22.6 (SD = 3.9)
Interventions	Participants were given intravenous racemic ketamine hydrochloride at 0.5 mg/kg or midazolam at 0.02 mg/kg in 100 mL normal saline infused over 40 minutes. Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg group (N = 40) Midazolam 0.02 mg/kg group (N = 40) Concomitant treatment: yes, participants were allowed to continue on stable dosages of current psychiatric medications, except that benzodiazepines could not be taken within 24 hours before the infusion.
Outcomes	HAM‐D SSI BDI Profile of Mood States (POMS) CADSS BPRS
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "A permuted, blocked design was used, with 1:1 assignment between treatments and block size randomized between 4 and 6 with equal probability. Randomization was stratified on two baseline factors"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information given on allocation concealment
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No further information given beyond, quote: "Patients and study personnel were blinded to treatment." Stated but not tested.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No further information given beyond, quote:"Patients and study personnel were blinded to treatment."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Withdrawal and drop out rates reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available
Other bias	Low risk	No other potential sources of bias identified