Yoosefi 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DSM‐IV major depressive disorder; HAM‐D score ≥ 18 N: 31 Age: ketamine group M = 40.87; thiopental group M = 47 Sex: ketamine group 46.67% female; thiopental group 50% female Baseline depression severity: ketamine group HAM‐D = 23.60; thiopental group HAM‐D = 22.86
Interventions	ECT performed 3 times a week for 2 weeks, using a dose‐titration protocol. After recording baseline variables, patients received 0.5 mg of IV atropine. Patients then randomised to: Ketamine (N =17) 1 to 2 mg/kg Thiopental (N = 14) 2 to 3 mg/kg Succinylcholine 0.5 mg/kg administered after patients became unconscious. Concomitant treatment: unclear
Outcomes	HAM‐D Response rate (60% reduction in HAM‐D scores) MMSE
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: ''patients were randomized...based on a table of random numbers...''
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Quote: ''...patients were randomized by the research executive manager (one of the investigators)...''
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: ''The study patients, the anesthesiologist (primary investigator), and the rater of the scales were all blind to the intervention allocation concealment''
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: ''...the rater of the scales were all blind to the intervention allocation concealment''
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Study reports dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol available
Other bias	Low risk	No other potential sources of bias identified