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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021 Mar 13;6(9):887–897. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.004

Table 1.

Frequency of exposure to events assessed by the Pandemic Stress Questionnaire.

Subscale/item %
I had difficulty obtaining basic supplies because of the coronavirus pandemic (e.g., food, medicine, toilet paper). 27.6%
I had to move unexpectedly because of the coronavirus pandemic. 67.1%
I had problems with my visa or the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System because of the coronavirus pandemic (e.g., unable to renew). 2.6%
I had to cancel travel or experienced a major disruption in travel plans because of the coronavirus pandemic. 50.0%
I had to cancel or postpone important events because of the coronavirus pandemic (e.g., events for a club, sporting events, major celebrations). 75.0%
I had to take on additional responsibilities caring for others (e.g., siblings, other family members) due to the coronavirus pandemic. 39.5%
I was unexpectedly separated from family, friends, or others close to me because of the coronavirus pandemic. 89.5%
I was unable to be with close family, friends, or partners because of the coronavirus pandemic. 64.5%
I had conflicts or arguments with my partner or family members due to coronavirus (e.g., conflicts about living arrangements, shared work space, schedule expectations). 59.2%
I experienced racism or discrimination due to the coronavirus pandemic. 5.3%
Someone close to me died from COVID-19. 3.9%
I experienced significant financial strain due to the pandemic (e.g., due to travel, purchasing supplies, paying for housing). 28.9%
I temporarily or permanently lost a job or had my work hours greatly reduced due to the coronavirus pandemic. 35.5%
My parent(s) temporarily or permanently lost a job or had their work hours greatly reduced because of the coronavirus pandemic. 34.2%
I was unable to complete important requirements for my education or professional goals due to the coronavirus pandemic (e.g., coursework, taking the SAT or GRE, thesis). 28.9%
I had problems with online courses and/or remote work (e.g., slow connection, no computer or internet access, major differences in time zone). 48.7%
I had symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., cough, fever, trouble breathing) but was unable to get tested. 10.5%
I was tested for COVID-19. 10.5%
I was diagnosed with COVID-19. 1.3%
I had difficulty accessing or paying for physical or mental health care and/or difficulties with health insurance due to the coronavirus pandemic. 23.7%
I was quarantined for 2 weeks or longer due to possible exposure to COVID-19 or due to international travel. 31.6%
Someone close to me had symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., cough, fever, trouble breathing) but was unable to get tested. 14.5%
Someone close to me was diagnosed with COVID-19. 18.4%
Someone close to me was quarantined for 2 weeks or longer due to possible exposure to COVID-19 or due to international travel. 35.5%