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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Radiol. 2021 Apr 24;76(10):728–736. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.03.009

Table 2.

Summary of barriers to artificial intelligence (AI) research in oncology.

Barriers to AI research in oncology
Difficulty in obtaining large, good-quality, multi-institutional data sets
Inconsistent or poor-quality imaging
Labour-intensive tumour segmentation and annotation
Translation into real clinical settings
Multidisciplinary approach
Streamlined processes compatible with clinical workflow
Legal and ethical challenges