Table 1.
Effect of social isolation during adolescence on social behaviors following resocialization.
| Behavioral test | Species (strain) | Sex | Isolation period | Age of testing | Result (isolated vs. control) | Interpretation (effect of isolation) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social interaction (free roaming) | Rat (W) | M | P22–35 | P84 | ↓ social approach | ↓ sociability | Hol et al. (1999) [38] |
| P22–28 | ↓ social approach | ||||||
| P29–35 | No effect | No effect | |||||
| Rat (W) | M | P22–35 | P42 | ↓ social approach ↓ anogenital sniffing |
↓ sociability | van den Berg et al. (1999) [33] | |
| Rat (SD) | M | P21–42 | P56 | ↑ approach latency ↓ contact duration |
↓ sociability | Lukkes et al. (2009) [34] | |
| ↑ freezing | ↑ social fear | ||||||
| Rat (SD) | M | P21–42 | P56 | ↑ approach latency ↓ social contacts ↓ contact duration |
↓ sociability | Lukkes et al. (2009) [39] | |
| ↑ freezing | ↑ social fear | ||||||
| Social interaction (fixed) | Mouse (C57BL/6) | M | P21–35 | P50 | ↓ social approach | ↓ sociability | Makinodan et al. (2012) [35] |
| Mouse (C57BL/6) | M | P21–35 | P65 | ↓ social approach | ↓ sociability | Makinodan et al. (2017) [109] | |
| Home cage interaction | Rat (W) | M | P30–40 | P42–64 | ↓ social investigation ↓ social contacts |
↓ sociability | Bator et al. (2018) [37] |
| No effect on play behaviors | Intact social play | ||||||
| Resident-intruder | Rat (W) | M | P22–35 | P42 | ↑ freezing ↓ exploration |
↑ social fear | van den Berg et al. (1999) [33] |
| Sexual behavior* | Rat (W) | M | P22–35 | P42 | No change in sexual behaviors | Intact sexual behaviors | van den Berg et al. (1999) [33] |
*
Free-roaming behavior following introduction of a sexually receptive female. Measured outcomes include mounting bouts, intromissions, and ejaculations. M: male; P: Postnatal day; SD: Sprague Dawley; W: Wistar.