Table 3.

Effects of the Watermelon Juice Intervention on Vascular Measures and Circulating Levels of Bioactive Food Compounds

Variable	Point Estimate	SEM	P-Value	Confidence Interval	Adjusted P-Value*	Effect Size
Serum Lycopene (μM)	0.548	0.175	0.002	(0.204,0.891)	0.068	0.795
Serum Citrulline (μM)	−0.018	0.089	0.839	(−0.192, 0.156)	0.941	−0.115
Serum Arginine (μM)	−0.117	0.118	0.321	(−0.349, 0.114)	0.846	−0.274
Serum ADMA (μM)	−0.018	0.041	0.660	(−0.099, 0.062)	0.914	−0.321
Serum Arginine/ADMA Ratio	−0.099	0.139	0.478	(−0.372, 0.174)	0.846	−0.106
Serum Glucose (mg/dL)	0.053	0.015	0.001	(0.023,0.084)	0.011	0.496
Serum Insulin (μU/mL)	0.195	0.115	0.088	(−0.029,0.420)	0.547	0.262
HOMA-IR	0.237	0.120	0.050	(0.0003,0.4726)	0.613	0.556
Office SBP (mmHg)	0.007	0.019	0.728	(−0.031, 0.045)	0.914	0.311
Office DBP (mmHg)	0.006	0.015	0.716	(−0.024, 0.036)	0.914	0.301
Office Pulse Pressure (mmHg)	0.008	0.072	0.911	(−0.132, 0.148)	0.957	−0.085
Office Pulse Pressure Amplification	−0.012	0.044	0.791	(−0.098, 0.075)	0.914	0.207
PWV (m/s)	0.011	0.017	0.517	(−0.022, 0.044)	0.846	0.152
24-Hour ABPM SBP (mmHg)	0.015	0.017	0.397	(−0.019, 0.048)	0.846	0.272
24-Hour ABPM DBP (mmHg)	0.013	0.020	0.526	(−0.027, 0.052)	0.846	0.238
FMD%	0.070	0.219	0.749	(−0.359, 0.500)	0.914	0.634

ADMA = asymmetric dimethyl arginine; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance = (fasting insulin × fasting glucose) / 405; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; PVW = pulse wave velocity; ABPM = ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; FMD = flow-mediated dilation

n =17; (n = 16 for serum measures due to insufficient blood sampling for one participant)

^*P-Value adjusted for multiple comparisons by the false discovery rate method