Table 3.
Calibration details.
| Outcome/Conditions | Original measure | Corresponding fuzzy set | Method of calibration | Anchors1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RESI | Year-on-year monthly % change in total trade volume (March to July) | The set of countries that exhibited above-average trade resilience in the first wave of the pandemic | Direct (based on distributional properties)2 | e.g. April: Excl. −42.83% Cross. −28.6% Incl. −11.2% |
| LPI | Logistics Performance Index | The set of countries with high logistics performance | Direct (using World Bank set thresholds for level of ‘logistics friendliness’ – Section 3.1) | Excl. 2.38 Cross. 2.88 Incl. 3.41 |
| GNI | GNI per capita | The set of high-income countries | Direct (using World Bank set thresholds defining income levels4) | (in USD) Excl. 1036 Cross. 4045 Incl. 12,535 |
| GOV | Overall Government Response Index | The set of country governments that exhibited an above-average strong response | Direct (based on distributional properties)2 | e.g. April: Excl. 47.86 Cross. 62.01 Incl. 75.58 |
| DEATHS | Deaths per 100,000 ppl | The set of countries that experienced an above-average disruption impact | Direct (based on distributional properties)2 | e.g. April: Excl.: 0 Cross. 3 Incl. 6.39 |
| ECOG | KOF Economic Globalization Index | The set of economically globalized countries | Direct (following precedence)3 | Excl. 42.89 Cross. 57.78 Incl. 74.91 |
| SOCG | KOF Social Globalization Index | The set of socially globalized countries | Direct (following precedence)3 | Excl. 45.4 Cross. 66.09 Incl. 82.66 |
| GHS | Global Health Security Index | The set of well-prepared countries in the event of a world pandemic | Direct (using ghsindex.org thresholds for level of preparedness – Section 3.1) | Excl. 33.5 Cross. 40.2 Incl. 66.5 |
1
Incl. denotes the anchor of ‘full membership’ in the target set, Cross the point of ‘maximum ambiguity’ (i.e., 0.5), and Excl. ‘full non-membership’. See Ragin, 2008, Schneider and Wagemann, 2012.
2
Thresholds being the mean (cross-over) and 10th and 90th percentiles of the distribution of the measure. Since the measure varies by month, for every month included in the analysis, the measure is re-calibrated based on its distribution in the given month.
3Following
Gygli et al. (2019)who use the quintiles of the distribution to draw comparisons between countries, we use the top and bottom quintile to denote full and no membership, respectively, and the median as the cross-over point.