TABLE 2.
Commercialized and under evaluation SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines (EMA)
| Manufacter/Vaccine | BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 (US)138 | Moderna mRNA‐1273 (US)138 | Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 Vaxzevria (UK)139 | Johnson & Johnson Ad26.CoV2.S (US)140 | Sputnik‐V (JNJ‐784436735) GamCovid‐vac (Russia)141 | CureVac/CvnCoV (Germany, US) | Novavax NVX‐CoV2373 (US)142 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plataform | mRNA; encoding a genetically modified SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (lipid nanoparticle) | mRNA; encoding a genetically modified SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (lipid nanoparticle) | Non‐replicating; defective chimpanzee adenovirus vector, Ad5 containing SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein | Non‐replicating; incompetent adenovirus vector, Ad26, encoding a full‐length SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein | Heterologous; recombinant adenovirus‐based vaccine (rAd): rAd type26 (first shot), rAd type5 (second shot) | mRNA; encoding a genetically modified SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein; | Protein subunit; recombinant nanoparticle vaccine |
| Storage conditions | −80°C to −60°C; 2–8°C for 5 days; Room temperature 6 h after reconstitution | −25°C to −15° up to 6 months; 2–8°C for 30 days; Room temperature: for 24 h and 6 h after reconstitution | +2°C to 8°C for 6 months | 2–8°C for 3 months; 6 h refrigeration after reconstitution | −18°C (liquid form) for up to 6 months; 2–8°C (freeze dried) for up to 6 months | 2–8°C for 3 months; Room temperature for 24 h | 2–8°C for 6 months; 24 h at room temperature |
| Dose | 30 µg | 100 µg | 5 × 1010 viral particles | 5 × 1010 viral particles | 1011 viral particles per dose for each recombinant adenoviruses | 12 µg | 5 µg of protein and 50 µg of Matrix‐M adjuvant |
| Dosage | Two doses, 3 weeks apart (from 3–12 weeks apart) | Two doses, 4 weeks apart | Two doses, 4 weeks apart; (12 weeks apart great efficacy) | One dose versus two doses: 0,28 days | Two doses, 3 weeks apart | Two doses, 30 days apart | Two doses, 3 weeks apart |
| Age | >16 | ≥18 | ≥18 | >18 | >18 | ‐ | 18‐59 |
| Efficacy | 95% against symptomatic Covid‐19 after two doses | 94.1% against symptomatic COVID‐19, ≥14 days after second dose | 66.7% against virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid‐19 disease ≥14 days after two dose; when the two doses ≥12 weeks apart efficacy 81.3% (standard dose) and 80.0% (low dose plus standard) | 72% in the United States; 64% in South Africa—neutralizing antibody responses | 91.6% PCR—Covid‐19 confirmed ≥21 days of first dose | Ongoing study (HERALD phase 2b/3 trial in Europe and Latin America | Ongoing study PREVENT Phase 3 trial on United States and Mexico |
| Efficacy against severe disease/hospitalisation | RCT–not reported; Israeli real‐world data143: 92%/87% | 100% | 100%/100% (>21 days after the second dose)144 | NA | 100% against moderate to severe COVID‐19145 | NA | NA |
| Trial phase published | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1,2 | 3 | ‐ | 1,2 |
| Approval EU | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Under evaluation EMA | Under evaluation EMA | Under evaluation EMA |
Abbreviation: EMA, European Medicines Agency.