FIGURE 1.

Aberrant expression of NEDDylation pathway components in cystic human tissue and cholangiocytes. (a) mRNA levels of NEDDylation core components in healthy human tissue [gallbladder (n = 12) and liver (n = 13–16)] and cystic tissue of patients with polycystic liver disease (PLD) (n = 13–16). (b) mRNA levels of NEDDylation core components in normal (n = 6) and cystic (n = 6) human cholangiocytes. (c) Representative images of immunostaining of NEDD8, NAE1 and UBA3 in healthy liver tissue and cystic tissue of patients with PLD. Scale bar: 100 μm, 50 μm (cropped). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. (One‐Way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests)