Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis of the risk factors for deterioration to critical status in patients with COVID-19.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Lineage | ||||
| Wide-type | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| Delta | 1.65 (0.75–3.64) | 0.210 | 2.98 (1.29–6.86) | 0.010 |
| Age | ||||
| <60 | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| ≥ 60 | 11.13 (3.82–32.44) | <0.001 | 11.13 (3.78–32.82) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| Male | 3.49 (1.45–8.41) | 0.005 | 3.49 (1.45–8.41) | 0.005 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 0.49 (0.07–3.59) | 0.480 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic respiratory disease | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 3.21 (1.10–9.37) | 0.033 | ||
| Chronic heart disease | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.35 (0.32–5.74) | 0.680 | ||
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 3.49 (1.59–7.67) | 0.002 | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 3.85 (1.53–9.64) | 0.004 | ||
| Symptoms# | ||||
| Fever | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| Yes | 4.42 (1.04–18.75) | 0.044 | 4.77 (1.10–20.65) | 0.037 |
| Cough | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 2.01 (0.69–-5.86) | 0.200 | ||
| Dyspnea | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| Yes | 3.34 (1.51–7.37) | 0.003 | 2.60 (1.14–5.93) | 0.023 |
| Diarrhea | ||||
| No | Ref. | - | - | - |
| Yes | 2.50 (0.94–6.67) | 0.067 | ||
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Symptoms#, symptoms within 3 days of admission.