FIG. 2.
Robustness analysis of the identified HHMGs. (A) The gene‐expression pattern of the identified HHMGs was validated in the GSE65485, GSE94660, GSE104310, and GSE84044 data sets. Column samples were clustered by HCL analysis, with the average linkage method and “euclidean” as a distance metric. Log2‐transformed gene‐expression levels were scaled as a distribution with mean = 0 and SD = 1. The darker the blue, the lower the expression; the darker the red, the higher the expression. Tumor, nontumor, and fibrosis samples are color‐coded. (B) PCA plot of tumor, nontumor, or fibrosis samples in each data set, in which HHMGs were considered as observable variables. Grouped samples are labeled with different colors. (C) Heatmap of the AUC of each HHMG in each data set based on the ROC curve analysis. The darker the red, the higher the AUC value; the darker the blue, the lower the AUC value. Abbreviations: ABI3BP, ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein; ADAMTS13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13; ADAMTSL2, ADAMTS‐like 2; ANGPTL1, angiopoietin‐like 1; ANGPTL6, angiopoietin‐like 6; ANXA10, annexin A10; ASPN, asporin; BGN, biglycan; BMPER, BMP binding endothelial regulator; CCBE1, collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1; CCL14, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 14; CCL19, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 19; CCL2, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2; CCL20, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20; CCN1, cellular communication network factor 1; CD109, CD109 molecule; CLEC1B, C‐type lectin domain family 1, member B; CLEC4G, C‐type lectin domain family 4, member G; CLEC4M, C‐type lectin domain family 4, member M; COL15A1, collagen, type XV, alpha 1; COL4A1, collagen, type IV, alpha 1; COLEC10, collectin sub‐family member 10; COLEC11, collectin sub‐family member 11; CRHBP, corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein; CTHRC1, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1; CXCL12, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12; CXCL14, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 14; CXCL2, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 2; CXCL6, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 6; DCN, decorin; DPT, dermatopontin; ECM1, extracellular matrix protein 1; ESM1, endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1; F0‐F4, Metavir scores; F9, coagulation factor IX; FBLN5, fibulin 5; FCN2, ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing lectin) 2; FCN3, ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing) 3; FGF13, fibroblast growth factor 13; FREM2, FRAS1 related extracellular matrix protein 2; GPC3, glypican 3; HABP2, hyaluronan binding protein 2; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; HGFAC, HGF activator; HHIP, hedgehog interacting protein; IGF1, insulin‐like growth factor 1; IGF2, insulin‐like growth factor 2; IGFBP3, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3; INHBE, inhibin, beta E; LAMC1, laminin, gamma 1; LPA, lipoprotein, Lp(a); LUM, lumican; MASP1, mannan‐binding lectin serine peptidase 1 (C4/C2 activating component of Ra‐reactive factor); MMP12, matrix metallopeptidase 12; MXRA5, matrix‐remodelling associated 5; OIT3, oncoprotein induced transcript 3; PAMR1, peptidase domain containing associated with muscle regeneration 1; PRG4, P53‐responsive gene 4; PZP, pregnancy‐zone protein; REG3A, regenerating islet‐derived 3 alpha; RSPO3, R‐spondin 3 homolog; S100A8, S100 calcium binding protein A8; S100P, S100 calcium binding protein P; SERPINA4, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha‐1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 4; SERPINA5, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha‐1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 5; SERPINA7, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha‐1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 7; SERPINB9, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 9; SERPINE1, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1; SERPINF2, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha‐2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2; SERPINI1, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade I (neuroserpin), member 1; SPARCL1, SPARC‐like 1; SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein 1; SRPX, sushi‐repeat‐containing protein, X‐linked; SULF2, sulfatase 2; TDGF1, teratocarcinoma‐derived growth factor 1; THBS1, thrombospondin 1; THBS4, thrombospondin 4.