Table 1. Patient characteristics compared by presence and absence of PAL.
| Characteristic | Patients without PAL, No. (%) | Patients with PAL, No. (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.001 | ||
| Male | 636 (46.3) | 83 (60.6) | |
| Female | 738 (53.7) | 54 (39.4) | |
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 61 [14] | 64 [14] | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 23.36 [4.03] | 22.99 [4.25] | 0.143 |
| PS score | 0.003 | ||
| 0 | 1,074 (78.2) | 92 (67.2) | |
| 1–3 | 300 (21.8) | 45 (32.8) | |
| %FEV1, median [IQR] | 0.93 [0.22] | 0.86 [0.24] | <0.001 |
| %FEV1 ≥0.8 | 1,053 (76.6) | 87 (63.5) | <0.001 |
| 0.8> %FEV1 ≥0.5 | 304 (22.1) | 44 (32.1) | |
| %FEV1 <0.5 | 17 (1.2) | 6 (4.4) | |
| ASA score | 0.744 | ||
| 1 | 60 (4.4) | 4 (2.9) | |
| 2 | 978 (71.2) | 102 (74.5) | |
| 3 | 333 (24.2) | 31 (22.6) | |
| 4 | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Surgical type | <0.001 | ||
| Lobectomy/lobectomy + wedge resection | 1,003 (73.0) | 121 (88.3) | |
| Segmentectomy | 187 (13.6) | 6 (4.4) | |
| Wedge resection | 168 (12.2) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Bilobectomy | 16 (1.2) | 8 (5.8) | |
| Surgical technology | <0.001 | ||
| Thoracotomy | 145 (10.6) | 34 (24.8) | |
| VATS/RATS | 1,229 (89.4) | 103 (75.2) | |
| Upper lobe surgery | 0.594 | ||
| Yes | 790 (57.5) | 82 (59.9) | |
| No | 584 (42.5) | 55 (40.1) | |
| Location of surgery | 0.966 | ||
| Left | 549 (40.0) | 55 (40.1) | |
| Right | 825 (60.0) | 82 (59.9) | |
| Operation time (min), median [IQR] | 140 [69] | 165 [60] | <0.001 |
| Blood loss (mL), median [IQR] | 100 [150] | 200 [200] | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 0.717 | ||
| Yes | 144 (10.5) | 13 (9.5) | |
| No | 1,230 (89.5) | 124 (90.5) | |
| Hypertension | 0.047 | ||
| Yes | 434 (31.6) | 32 (23.4) | |
| No | 940 (68.4) | 105 (76.6) | |
| Disease of respiratory system | 0.537 | ||
| Yes | 29 (2.1) | 4 (2.9) | |
| No | 1,345 (97.9) | 133 (97.1) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.282 | ||
| Yes | 79 (5.7) | 11 (8.0) | |
| No | 1,295 (94.3) | 126 (92.0) | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 378 (27.5) | 63 (46.0) | |
| No | 996 (72.5) | 74 (54.0) | |
| History of thoracic surgery | 0.182 | ||
| Yes | 50 (3.6) | 2 (1.5) | |
| No | 1,324 (96.6) | 135 (98.5) |
ASA score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score; BMI, body mass index; %FEV1, percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second; IQR, interquartile range; PAL, prolonged air leak; PS, performance status; RATS, robot-assisted thoracic surgery; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.