FIGURE 2.

ILCs in the intestines. Different ILC subtypes play distinct roles in the intestine mucosae. ILC1s block intracellular bacterial infections by secreting IFN‐γ. ILC2s prevent helminth infection by goblet cells and tuft cells. In addition, ILC2s facilitate intestinal mucosae repair by AREG. On the one hand, ILC3s confer protection against extracellular bacterial invasion by secreting IL‐17, IL‐22 and GM‐CSF. On the other hand, hyperactivated ILC3s play a detrimental role in IBD and mucosal repair by promoting inflammatory cell infiltration and impairing ISC‐driven epithelial renewal