Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of untreated subjects with sustained normotension, isolated nocturnal hypertension, isolated daytime hypertension and sustained day-night hypertension
| Characteristic | DNNT | INHT | IDHT | DNHT | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 442 (53.7) | 188 (22.8) | 29 (3.5) | 164 (19.9) | |
| Age, yr | 45.8 ± 10.0b | 48.9 ± 11.3c | 45.7 ± 9.3b,c | 50.6 ± 8.0c | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 2.8b | 24.0 ± 3.1c | 24.8 ± 3.2c | 24.9 ± 3.2c | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 86 (19.5) | 75 (39.9) | 14 (48.3) | 97 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 144 (32.6) | 72 (38.3) | 9 (31.0) | 40 (24.4) | 0.049 |
| Diabetes | 6 (1.4) | 14 (7.4) | 4 (13.8) | 15 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 118.3 ± 30.9b | 125.3 ± 33.5b,c | 129.8 ± 37.0b,c | 127.5 ± 31.8c | 0.002 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 59.6 ± 14.5b | 56.0 ± 15.0b,c | 52.7 ± 14.4c | 54.0 ± 15.5b,c | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 92.7 ± 9.5b | 99.1 ± 26.7b,c | 98.4 ± 18.7b,c | 101.4 ± 21.1c | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 97.3 ± 17.2b | 93.5 ± 15.4c | 96.9 ± 13.6b,c | 94.8 ± 17.0b,c | 0.047 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.71 ± 0.13b | 0.77 ± 0.15b,c | 0.77 ± 0.16c | 0.80 ± 0.17c | < 0.001 |
| Office SBP, mmHg | 109.3 ± 9.6b | 118.7 ± 9.4c | 122.0 ± 9.8c | 129.4 ± 12.8d | < 0.001 |
| Office DBP, mmHg | 69.1 ± 6.9b | 76.8 ± 6.3c | 79.7 ± 7.6c | 86.1 ± 8.6d | < 0.001 |
| 24-Hour SBP, mmHg | 108.7 ± 7.1b | 117.7 ± 6.5c | 121.5 ± 6.7d | 129.8 ± 9.8e | < 0.001 |
| 24-Hour DBP, mmHg | 68.2 ± 5.7b | 77.9 ± 4.1c | 80.4 ± 3.8d | 88.8 ± 6.4e | < 0.001 |
| Daytime SBP, mmHg | 112.1 ± 7.9b | 118.3 ± 6.4c | 129.7 ± 8.0d | 134.3 ± 10.5e | < 0.001 |
| Daytime DBP, mmHg | 71.2 ± 6.7b | 78.6 ± 4.5c | 88.3 ± 4.5d | 92.5 ± 7.1e | < 0.001 |
| Nighttime SBP, mmHg | 101.1 ± 7.5b | 115.6 ± 9.0d | 106.0 ± 5.6c | 121.8 ± 11.7e | < 0.001 |
| Nighttime DBP, mmHg | 61.7 ± 5.4b | 75.6 ± 4.8d | 66.3 ± 3.0c | 81.9 ± 7.7e | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
DNNT, day-night normotension; INHT, isolated nocturnal hypertension; IDHT, isolated daytime hypertension; DNHT, daynight hypertension; BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
a
p value from analysis of variance (ANOVA) or chi-square test.
b,c,d,e
Different alphabets represent significant difference at alpha level 0.05.