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. 2021 Aug 30;9:698532. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698532

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Copyright © 2021 Li, He, Jihu, Zhou, Zeng and Yan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor development through different pathways. (A) MDSC non-immunologic functions. MDSCs in the TME promote tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis and EMT of tumors. (B) MDSC establish a pre-metastatic niche. MDSC-derived factors participate in the stepwise establishment of the PMN, resulting in a “soil” that supports the colonization of CTCs. (C) MDSC immunosuppression. MDSCs inhibit antitumor immunity by inhibiting T cells and natural killer cell proliferation and function and inducing Treg recruitment.