Table 1.

An overview of our critical literature review and key aspects of the research problem.

	Literature review
References	Title of article	Key contribution	Impact on our research model/connection to our research aims
Yang et al. (11)	Preparedness of medical education in China: Lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak.	On the one hand, we believe that the distinguished contributions in disease containment efforts by healthcare professionals indicated that our medical education system has achieved its intended outcomes and is socially accountable. On the other hand, we have also identified three major issues that need to be addressed from an educational standpoint: insufficient emphasis on public health emergency preparedness; unsophisticated mechanisms for interdisciplinary cooperation; and inadequate guidance in medical ethics.	•Focus on preparedness •Lessons Learnt
Shehata et al. (12)	Medical education adaptations post-COVID-19: an Egyptian reflection.	The study aims to explore how medical schools in Egypt responded to COVID-19 pandemic regarding teaching and learning/assessment for undergraduate students.	•Adjustments to medical training •Provision of Assessments
O'Byrne et al. (13)	Medical students and COVID-19: the need for pandemic preparedness.	With the available evidence suggesting that medical students' mental health status is already poorer than that of the general population, with academic stress being a chief predictor, such changes are likely to have a significant effect on these students. This, in conjunction with the likelihood of future pandemics, highlights the need for ‘pandemic preparedness' to be embedded in the medical curriculum.	•Students' mental health •Integration of pandemic preparedness to Curriculum
Chong et al. (14)	Radiology residency preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic.	The aim of this article is to provide specific guidance for radiology residency program leadership to prepare and respond to the residency-related impact from the pandemic, with focus on safety and education.	•Impact of pandemic to residency programs
Choi et al. (15)	The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on final year medical students in the United Kingdom: a national survey.	The aim of this study is to identify the impact of COVID-19 on final year medical students' examinations and placements in the United Kingdom (UK) and how it might impact their confidence and preparedness going into their first year of foundation training.	•Final year medical students examinations and placements.
Mukhtar et al. (16)	Advantages, Limitations and Recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era.	The current study supports the use of online learning in medical and dental institutes, considering its various advantages.	•E-learning best practices •E-learning strategies
Ashokka et al. (17)	Coordinated responses of academic medical centers to pandemics: sustaining medical education during COVID-19.	Major themes of medical education management include leveraging on remote or decentralized modes of medical education delivery, maintaining the integrity of formative and summative assessments while restructuring patient-contact components, and developing action plans for maintenance of essential activities based on pandemic risk alert levels.	•Sustaining Education •Sustainability of medical training in times of pandemic
Zayapragassarazan et al. (18)	COVID-19: Strategies for Engaging Remote Learners in Medical Education.	This research discusses about the different strategies for ensuring higher levels of online student engagement in medical education.	•Investigation of active learning strategies for engagement of learners In COVID-19 times
Almarzooq et al. (19)	Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a disruptive technology in graduate medical education.	In this paper, we describe the capabilities, implementation, and challenges of virtual learning for cardiology fellows-intraining (FITs) and fellowship programs in the COVID-19 era and beyond.	•Understanding the disruptive character of e-learning platform for medical training during COVID-19
Sahi et al. (20)	Medical education amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Indian pediatrics.	In this pandemic, the need for uninterrupted generation of future doctors is felt more than ever in our living memory. Continuity of medical education is thus imperative. While “Live” patient contact is an irreplaceable tenet of clinical teaching, these extraordinary times demand exceptional measures. Pedagogical innovations involving technology and simulation based teaching (Online lectures, video case vignettes, virtual simulators, webcasting, online chat-rooms) need to be brought to the forefront.	Understanding the kind of educational innovations required in pandemic times for medical training •Testing the efficiency of e-learning method to deliver the learning objectives and to secure the quality of education and training
Arandjelovic et al. (21)	COVID-19: considerations for medical education during a pandemic.	We discuss the considerations behind these changes, review the strategies implemented during previous global infectious disease epidemics, and suggest strategies for maximizing clinical education going forward.	Justifying the e-learning strategy and the components required for an effective e-learning support for medical training in times of COVID-19 pandemic
Ruthberg et al. (22)	Solution to Remote Medical Student Education for Otolaryngology during Covid-19.	In this commentary, we discuss the multi-institutional development of a robust syllabus for medical students using a multimodal collection of resources. Medical students collaborated with faculty and residents from 2 major academic centers to identify essential otolaryngology topics.	Understudying the required enhancement and revisions in curriculum to address COVID-19 pandemic challenges.
Alkhowailed et al. (23)	Digitalization Plan in Medical Education during Covid-19 Lockdown.	The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to reveal the different digital procedures implemented by the College of Medicine at Qassim University for better student performance and achievement.	Analyzing the multi-faced revisions of procedures and policies to enable students' efficiency and performance during COVID-19 pandemic
Gallagher et al. (24)	Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows in Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Coronavirus Disease 2019 Framework.	The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of cardiology fellows in training using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education framework for pandemic preparedness.	Linking e-learning method to integrated performance framework