TABLE 1.

Summary of GNPS molecular network annotations and class-level compound richness.

Chemical classa	Examples of class known from Piper spp.	Total compound richnessb	Fruit-specific compound richnessb,d,e	Leaf-specific compound richnessb,d,e
Benzene and substituted derivatives	Cyanogenic benzoates, non-prenylated benzoic acids	75	5	0
Carboxylic acids and derivatives	Amides, chromenes, kavalactones	122	25*	1
Flavonoids	Flavonoids	104	3	0
Organo-oxygen compounds	Oxygenated or glycosidic derivatives of other classes	65	5	0
Otherc	Amides, chalcones, chromenes, imides	37	4	0
Prenol lipids	Chalcones, prenylated benzoic acids, neryl catechol diols, terpenes	124	6*	0
Unknown		179	14*	1
Totalf		706	62*	2

^aChemical classes are per ClassyFire chemical taxonomy.

^bCompound richness indicates the number of putative compounds, for which fragmentation spectra were obtained, that fall under the given category.

^cChemical classes which represented ≤ 1% of all annotated compounds were categorized as “Other.”

^dA compound was labeled as fruit or leaf-specific if it was detected only in that organ within the 12 focal Piper species.

^eAsterisks indicate statistical support (P < 0.05) for differences between fruit-specific and leaf-specific richness (binomial test with probability = 0.5).

^fRichness data shown represent the set of compounds for which fragmentation spectra were obtained in tandem MS analysis, a subset of the total number of compounds detected (Figure 1).