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. 2021 Aug 30;9:668164. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668164

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Copyright © 2021 Shi, Luo, Weigel, Hall, Du, Wu, Rudolph, Zhou, Young and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TGFβ signaling is activated in primary human OSCC tumors in patients with lung metastasis. (A) Representative H&E and IHC images examining expression of the indicated markers in human OSCC. Upper panels are staining of the primary tumor of a representative patient without metastasis and lower panels are staining of the primary tumor from a representative patient with metastasis. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) Quantification of TGFβ1, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 staining by AOD value. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.