SPS&S mice show wide neuronal overactivation in fear-related brain regions. A Diagram of the timeline of the perfusion the animals. B Representative confocal images of FrA, ACC, BLA, and vHC sections stained for c-Fos in SPS&S mice and control mice. Images on the right of each brain region are high-magnification images of the boxed area. Scale bar for low-magnification images = 200 μm, Scale bar for high-magnification images = 50 μm. C Compared with control mice, SPS&S mice exhibited a higher density of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos in the FrA (Two-factor ANOVA, Fbetween group = 4.928, df1 = 1, df2 = 12, Pbetween group = 0.0465; Fbetween animal = 2.725, df1 = 2, df2 = 12, Pbetween animal = 0.1058; n = 10 slices from 3 mice (Control), n = 7 slices from 3 mice (SPS&S)). D Compared with control mice, SPS&S mice exhibited a higher density of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos in the ACC (Two-factor ANOVA, Fbetween group = 16, df1 = 1, df2 = 23, Pbetween group = 0.0006; Fbetween animal = 3.315, df1 = 2, df2 = 23, Pbetween animal = 0.0625; n = 12 slices from 3 mice (Control), n = 17 slices from 3 mice (SPS&S)). E Compared with control mice, SPS&S mice exhibited a higher density of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos in the BLA (Two-factor ANOVA, Fbetween group = 5.353, df1 = 1, df2 = 14, Pbetween group = 0.0364; Fbetween animal = 0.4939, df1 = 2, df2 = 14, Pbetween animal = 0.6205; n = 10 slices from 3 mice (Control), n = 10 slices from 3 mice (SPS&S)). F SPS&S mice and control mice exhibited similar densities of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos in the vHC (Two-factor ANOVA, Fbetween group = 0.9632, df1 = 1, df2 = 11, Pbetween group = 0.3475; Fbetween animal = 0.3539, df1 = 2, df2 = 11, Pbetween animal = 0.7097; n = 7 slices from 3 mice (Control), n = 11 slices from 3 mice (SPS&S)). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.