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. 2021 Aug 30;8:727059. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.727059

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Copyright © 2021 Pata, Gallo, Pellino, Vigorita, Podda, Di Saverio, D'Ambrosio and Sammarco.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, position of the three sets of clamps; (B) Placement of three clamps on the hemorrhoidal group, frontal view; (C) Dissection of the left hemorrhoidal group; (D) Exposure of the internal sphincter after division of Parks' ligament; (E) Final post-operative appearance. 1: left anterior muco-cutaneous bridge. 2: internal anal sphincter. 3: posterior muco-cutaneous bridge. 4: sub-cutaneous fibers of the external anal sphincter. 5: right anterior muco-cutaneous bridge; (F) Suture ligature of the hemorrhoidal pedicle; (G) Cleaning up the muco-cutaneous bridges. (Reproduced from Moult HP, Aubert M, De Parades V. Classical treatment of hemorrhoids. J Visc Surg. (2015) 152:S3–9. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved).