Table 1.
Demography, functional, cognitive, and language assessment of patients with CBS and comparison by amyloid-PET results.
| CBS (n = 31) | CBS-A– (n = 18) | CBS-A+ (n = 13) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | ||||
| Age at symptom onset, years | 61 (58–67) | 60 (55–68) | 63 (60–66) | ns |
| Age at main assessment, years | 65 (61–71) | 63.5 (59–71) | 66 (64–71) | ns |
| Symptom duration at main assessment, years | 4.0 (3.0–4.5) | 3.5 (2.2–4.7) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | ns |
| Gender (female) | 14 (45.2%) | 7 (38.9%) | 7 (53.8%) | ns |
| Education, years | 10 (6–15) | 9.5 (6–15) | 10 (6–15) | ns |
| Side of more severely involved limbs (right) | 13 (41.9) | 8 (44.4%) | 5 (38.5%) | ns |
| Handedness (right-handed) | 26 (83.9%) | 16 (88.9%) | 10 (76.9%) | ns |
| Phenotype | ||||
| Cognitive | 18 (58.1%) | 8 (44.4%) | 10 (76.9%) | |
| Motor | 10 (32.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 3 (23.1%) | |
| Language | 3 (9.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ns |
| Functional assessment | ||||
| Clinical Dementia Rating | 2.0 (1.5–2.0) | 2.0 (0.6–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | ns |
| Functional activities questionnaire | 22 (14–26) | 18.5 (11–25) | 25 (16–27) | ns |
| Hoehn and Yahr scale | 2 (2–3.5) | 3.00 (2–3.75) | 2.00 (2–3) | ns |
| ASHA-FACS scale | 3.2 (1.8–5.3) | 3.2 (2.4–5.0) | 3.0 (1.6–5.0) | ns |
| General cognitive assessment | ||||
| ACE-R total | 41 (30–62) | 49 (31.5–74.5) | 34 (27.5–46.5) | ns |
| ACE-R attention | 11 (9–13.75) | 12.5 (11–16.25) | 9 (8–10.5) | 0.008 |
| ACE-R memory | 8 (5.25–15.75) | 12.5 (7.75–18.25) | 5 (2.25–8) | 0.008 |
| ACE-R fluency | 2.5 (1–6) | 3 (2–6.25) | 1.5 (1–4.5) | ns |
| ACE-R language | 16.5 (14–24.5) | 19 (14.25–25) | 14.5 (14–20.75) | ns |
| ACE-R visuospatial | 7 (4–8.75) | 8 (7–11.25) | 4 (3.25–5.75) | 0.001 |
| MMSE | 18 (13–21.50) | 20.5 (16.5–25.75) | 14 (11–17) | 0.005 |
| Digits backward | 2 (0–3.75) | 3 (2–3) | 0 (0–4) | ns |
| Delayed recall (BCSB) | 3 (0.5–6) | 5.50 (1.75–6) | 1 (0–3) | ns |
| Language assessment | ||||
| Aphasia quotient (WAB-R) | 68.8 (51.1–88.2) | 70.35 (38.7–83.3) | 68.8 (63.7–90.2) | ns |
| Total spontaneous speech (WAB-R) | 16.0 (9.5–17.5) | 17.0 (10.0–18.0) | 14.5 (10.0–16.75) | ns |
| Auditory word recognition (WAB-R) | 54.0 (19.0–57.5) | 57.0 (48.0–60.0) | 50.0 (25.0–55.0) | ns |
| Sequential commands (WAB-R) | 63.0 (25.0–80.0) | 63.0 (28.0–80.0) | 48.0 (15.2–73.2) | ns |
| Total repetition (WAB-R) | 8.6 (3.3–9.1) | 8.6 (3.8–9.2) | 7.6 (3.0–8.9) | ns |
| Naming and word finding (WAB-R) | 6.2 (3.25–8.45) | 7.1 (3.3–8.5) | 5.4 (2.5–7.1) | ns |
| Phonemic fluency (letter P) | 3 (1.75–6) | 3 (2–6.25) | 2.5 (1–5.25) | ns |
| Semantic fluency (animals) | 5.5 (3.75–10) | 6.5 (3–11.75) | 5 (4–7) | ns |
Clinical data comparison between CBS-A+ and CBS-A–. Data expressed as median (IQR) or number (frequency). Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney or Fischer's exact test). ns, nonsignificant; AD, Alzheimer's disease; CBS, corticobasal syndrome; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; ACE-R, Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination-Revised; BCSB, Brief Cognitive Screening Battery; ASHA-FACS, Functional assessment of Communication Skills for Adults.