TABLE 3.
Multivariable-adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) in indicators of anthropometry, glucose metabolism, and chronic inflammation according to quintiles of Ca intake amounts: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, 1985–20151
| Indicator | Quintiles of Ca intake amounts | P-trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (lowest) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (highest) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0 (Ref.) | 0.15 (−0.07, 0.37) | 0.02 (−0.20, 0.25) | 0.05 (−0.19, 0.29) | −0.04 (−0.30, 0.22) | 0.08 |
| Waist circumstance, cm | 0 (Ref.) | 0.18 (−0.29, 0.66) | −0.04 (−0.53, 0.46) | −0.08 (−0.61, 0.45) | −0.24 (−0.81, 0.34) | 0.052 |
| Triceps skinfold, mm | 0 (Ref.) | 0.08 (−0.23, 0.40) | 0.04 (−0.28, 0.36) | −0.18 (−0.52, 0.16) | −0.03 (−0.39, 0.33) | 0.85 |
| Suprailiac skinfold, mm | 0 (Ref.) | −0.15 (−0.60, 0.30) | −0.21 (−0.67, 0.25) | −0.26 (−0.76, 0.23) | −0.59 (−1.11, −0.07) | 0.02 |
| Subscapular skinfold, mm | 0 (Ref.) | −0.02 (−0.36, 0.32) | −0.12 (−0.47, 0.23) | −0.16 (−0.53, 0.21) | −0.40 (−0.79, −0.01) | 0.08 |
| Fasting plasma insulin, μU/mL | 0 (Ref.) | −0.27 (−0.63, 0.09) | −0.10 (−0.52, 0.32) | −0.63 (−1.03, −0.24) | −0.42 (−0.84, −0.0001) | 0.08 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 0 (Ref.) | 0.91 (−0.07, 1.90) | 0.68 (−0.33, 1.68) | 0.62 (−0.41, 1.66) | 0.72 (−0.35, 1.80) | 0.93 |
| Plasma C-reactive protein, μg/mL | 0 (Ref.) | 0.13 (−0.22, 0.48) | −0.16 (−0.55, 0.23) | 0.20 (−0.12, 0.52) | 0.06 (−0.22, 0.34) | 0.53 |
1
Because these indicators were measured repeatedly through the follow-up, all models were constructed by using generalized estimating equations with identity linkage under an exchangeable correlation structure assumption with adjustment for the covariates listed in model 3 in Table 2. P-trend was examined by using the median of each Ca intake quintile. Q, quintile; Ref., reference.