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. 2021 Jun 10;151(8):2399–2408. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab139

TABLE 3.

Association between legume consumption and microbiome on taxa levels in the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies1

Overall (n = 2302) Women (n = 1110) Men (n = 1202)
Taxa Relative abundance,2 median, % Prevalence, % β P FDR 3 Relative abundance,2 median, % Prevalence, % β P FDR 3 Relative abundance,2 median, % Prevalence, % β P FDR 3
Legumes > vs. ≤29.9 g/d > vs. ≤27.9 g/d > vs. ≤31.9 g/d
 Phylum Proteobacteria
  Class Betaproteobacteria 2.88 99.70 −0.18 0.44 2.87 99.45 −0.11 1.00 2.89 99.92 −0.28 0.10*
  Class Gammaproteobacteria 1.28 100 0.30 0.005* 1.31 100 0.34 0.09* 1.24 100 0.30 0.20
   Order unclassified4 0.001 17.07 0.43 0.01* 0.001 16.09 0.63 0.01* 0.001 17.97 0.37 0.78
   Order Enterobacteriales 0.72 99.91 0.30 0.06* 0.76 100 0.33 0.56 0.70 99.83 0.31 0.78
    Family Enterobacteriaceae
     Genus unclassified 0.04 96.09 0.46 0.03* 0.04 96.09 0.78 0.002* 0.05 96.09 0.18 1.00
     Genus Citrobacter 0.004 71.11 0.34 0.04* 0.003 70.64 0.53 0.01* 0.004 71.55 0.18 1.00
      Species unclassified 0.001 61.51 0.33 0.03* 0.001 62.18 0.44 0.10* 0.001 60.90 0.27 1.00
Peanuts Yes vs. no Yes vs. no Yes vs. no
 Phylum Actinobacteria
  Order Actinomycetales 0.01 97.87 0.19 0.08* 0.01 97.82 0.24 0.23 0.01 97.92 0.10 1.00
 Phylum Proteobacteria
  Class Gammaproteobacteria 1.28 100 0.25 0.20 1.31 100 0.41 0.07* 1.24 100 0.10 1.00
   Order Enterobacteriales 0.72 99.91 0.33 0.15 0.76 100 0.50 0.07* 0.70 99.83 0.19 1.00
    Family Enterobacteriaceae
     Genus unclassified 0.04 96.09 0.59 0.009* 0.04 96.09 0.58 0.78 0.05 96.09 0.62 0.47
 Phylum Firmicutes
  Family Peptococcaceae 4 0.01 34.36 −0.15 1.00 0.01 34.36 −0.54 0.05* 0.01 34.36 0.21 1.00
   Genus unclassified4 0.01 27.54 −0.20 1.00 0.01 27.09 −0.62 0.03* 0.01 27.95 0.20 1.00
Soy foods > vs. ≤19.9 g/d > vs. ≤17.5 g/d > vs. ≤22.0 g/d
 Phylum Proteobacteria
  Class Gammaproteobacteria
   Order unclassified4 0.001 17.07 0.28 0.58 0.001 16.09 0.54 0.07* 0.001 17.97 0.14 1.00
Other beans > vs. ≤7.2 g/d > vs. ≤7.8 g/d > vs. ≤6.7 g/d
 Phylum Bacteroidetes
  Species Bacteroides plebeius 0.01 91.05 0.14 1.00 0.01 89.18 0.81 0.08* 0.02 92.76 -0.49 1.00
1

Models were adjusted for time interval between dietary assessment to stool sample collection, age at stool sample collection, sex (only in the combined analyses), education, income, smoking status (for women and combined analyses) or pack-years (for men), alcohol drinking status (for women and combined analyses) or amount (for men), physical activity, BMI, and total energy intake. PFDR, false discovery rate–corrected P value.

2

Median relative abundance for rare taxa was calculated among carriers.

3

PFDR < 0.1(*) is considered statistically significant.

4

Rare taxa: 10% ≤prevalence <50% in the population.