Fig. 6.

Distribution of total sample size for studies (N = 69) with positive versus negative findings pertaining to sex/gender-by-diagnosis interaction effects and sex/gender-stratified autism-control differences. The distribution of total sample size is shown here via box-and-whisker plots overlaid with individual study data points for all studies, with shaded markers representing individual studies and unshaded circles (of the box-and-whisker plots) indicating outliers. It is important to note that the large majority of studies with a total sample size greater than or equal to N = 234 are multi-site studies with the exception of four studies (Hammill et al., 2021, N = 839; Lee et al., 2020, N = 429; Nordahl et al., 2020, N = 420; Shen et al., 2018, N = 236) where the data were obtained at a single site.