Table 2.

Comparison of studies reporting positive/significant and negative/non-significant findings with regard to sex/gender-modulation effects based on neuroimaging modality and study sample.

	Studies reporting positive/significant findings (N = 44)	Studies reporting negative/non-significant findings (N = 25)
Number of studies (N/Ntotal) by imaging modality (i.e., DTI/DWI/DSI, MEG, MRS, PET, rs-EEG, rs-fMRI, sMRI, task-fMRI, TMS-EEG)	DTI/DWI/DSI (8/11) MRS(2/4) rs-fMRI (13/15) sMRI(15/27) task-fMRI (6/8)	DTI/DWI/DSI (3/11) MEG (1/1) MRS (2/4) PET(1/1) rs-EEG (1/1) rs-fMRI (2/15) sMRI (12/27) task-fMRI (2/8) TMS-EEG (1/1)
Sample size, Ntotal: Mean ± standard deviation Median (IQR) Range	371.68 ± 617.34 171 (111.75) 49–3607	391.32 ± 679.67 126 (3 7 3) 25–3222
Average M:F participant ratio for whole sample (N of male to ONE female, mean ± standard deviation)	1.89 ± 1.28	2.46 ± 1.46
Average M:F participant ratio for autism group (N of male to ONE female, mean ± standard deviation)	2.32 ± 1.82	3.55 ± 2.81
Average M:F participant ratio for control group (N of male to ONE female, mean ± standard deviation)	1.64 ± 1.06	2.11 ± 1.68