Table 7.

List of selected current adaptation methods, their effectiveness/ineffectiveness and appropriate adaptation methods.

Current adaptation methods	Effectiveness/Ineffectiveness	Appropriate adaptation method	References
New technology to rural farmers	Ineffective	Consideration and integration of indigenous knowledge with modern technology.	Ajani et al. (2013)
		Requisite education and training of local farmers as well as strengthening of extension services.	Anabaraonye et al. (2019)
Irrigation practices	Ineffective	Government implementation of accessible and sustainable irrigation schemes among farmers.	Nikolaou et al. (2020)
Restriction of water use	Ineffective	Political buy-in through education programmes, human, and financial resources.	Mukheibir (2008)
Use of improved agricultural inputs	Effective		Akintonde and Shuaib (2016)
Mixed and over cropping	Effective		Apata (2011); Eludoyin et al. (2017)
Changes in planting and harvesting dates	Effective		Eludoyin et al. (2017)
Enterprise diversification	Effective		Ozor et al. (2015)
Construction of barriers against flood	Effective		Iheke and Agodike (2016)
Social capital through organizations, societies, and groups	Effective		Owombo et al. (2014)
Water related and nutrient related technologies	Effective		Ayanlade et al. (2018)
Irrigation practices	Effective		Olayide et al. (2016)
Heat resistant roofing materials	Effective		Ezeabasili and Okonkwo (2013)