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. 2021 Aug 18;74(11):1933–1950. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab707

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 6. — Cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression in heart and their serum levels. At 1–2 dpi of IV or IM mRNA vaccine, organs and serum were collected. A, Cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression in heart homogenates of IV group. B, Cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression in heart homogenates of IM group; mRNA expressions were detected by RT-qPCR with gene specific primers. House-keeping gene β-actin mRNA expression was included to normalize the amount of RNA. Data presented were relative gene expression to NS control mice. Error bars induced mean ± standard deviation. n = 5 in each group. C, Serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations at 1–2 dpi were detected by beads-based multiplex flow cytometer assay. Mice serum from IV and IM injection of 50 µL NS were used as control. Error bars indicated mean ± standard deviation. n = 5 each group. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001,****P < .0001. Abbreviations: dpi, days post-injection; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; mRNA, messenger RNA; NS, normal saline; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Figure 6. — Cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression in heart and their serum levels. At 1–2 dpi of IV or IM mRNA vaccine, organs and serum were collected. A, Cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression in heart homogenates of IV group. B, Cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression in heart homogenates of IM group; mRNA expressions were detected by RT-qPCR with gene specific primers. House-keeping gene β-actin mRNA expression was included to normalize the amount of RNA. Data presented were relative gene expression to NS control mice. Error bars induced mean ± standard deviation. n = 5 in each group. C, Serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations at 1–2 dpi were detected by beads-based multiplex flow cytometer assay. Mice serum from IV and IM injection of 50 µL NS were used as control. Error bars indicated mean ± standard deviation. n = 5 each group. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001,****P < .0001. Abbreviations: dpi, days post-injection; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; mRNA, messenger RNA; NS, normal saline; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

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