Table 1.

Exosomes related with lung cancer metastasis by EMT

Cancer type	Exosomes source	Related genes or pathway	Tissues and/or cells	Experimental data	Function	Refs
Lung cancer	Cell culture fluid	SNAI1	Lung cancer cells	Promote cells EMT by CAFs deliver SNAI1 to recipient cancer cells via exosomes	Promote EMT	[19]
Lung cancer (NSCLC)	Cell culture fluid	ZEB1	HBEC cell model	Exosomes transfer chemoresistance and mesenchymal phenotypes to recipient cells.	Promote EMT	[20]
Lung cancer (NSCLC)	Cell culture fluid	TRAF4	Lung fibroblasts	By stabilize NOX complex to promote the proliferation and EMT of NSCLC cells	Promote EMT	[21]
Lung cancer	Cell culture fluid	TGF-β1; Smad2/3; Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin; NF-κB; ERK; JNK and p38 MAPK	MSCs	Promotes EMT, invasion, and migration; enhance the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effect of MSCs on lung cancer cells	Promote EMT	[22]
Lung cancer	Cell culture fluid	TGF-β1; specific miRNAs of exosomes	Lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299 cells)	Promote migration, invasion and expression of mesenchymal markers in the recipient cells	Promote EMT	[23]
Lung cancer	Hypoxic BMSCs fluid	miR-193a-3p; miR-210-3p; miR-5100; STAT3 signaling	Lung cancer cells	Exosomes miRNAs activate STAT3 signaling pathway	Promote EMT	[24]
Lung cancer	Cell culture fluid	miR-210-3p; FGFRL1	Lung CSCs	Promotes EMT, and through miR-210-3p combining FGFRL1 enhance the metastatic ability of lung cancer cells	Promote EMT,	[25]
Lung cancer	Cell culture fluid; Serum		Lung cancer cells and human late stage lung cancer serum	Promote EMT	Promote EMT	[26]

Abbreviations: BMSCs Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, CAFs Cancer-associated fibroblasts, CSCs Cancer stem cells, EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, FGFRL1 Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1, MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells, NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer