Table 2. Effects of nitrogen treatments on flavonoids of C. tinctoria seedlings under five different nitrogen fertilization treatments.

Treatment	Luteolin (mg/g DW)			Quercetin (mg/g DW)			Rutin (mg/g DW)			Total flavonoid content (mg/g DW)
	Root	Stalk	Leaf	Root	Stalk	Leaf	Root	Stalk	Leaf	Root	Stalk	Leaf
N1	0.05 ± 0.01a	0.35 ± 0.02a	0.39 ± 0.04b	0.08 ± 0.01a	0.06 ± 0.01a	0.38 ± 0.04b	0.33 ± 0.03b	1.09 ± 0.12a	2.76 ± 0.21c	2.90 ± 0.52a	5.84 ± 1.31a	15.92 ± 1.28b
N2	0.05 ± 0.02a	0.32 ± 0.03a	0.36 ± 0.04b	0.08 ± 0.01a	0.06 ± 0.02a	0.39 ± 0.04b	0.30 ± 0.04b	1.07 ± 0.13a	2.72 ± 0.25c	2.85 ± 0.63a	5.81 ± 1.33a	15.91 ± 1.25b
N3	0.05 ± 0.02a	0.35 ± 0.02a	0.37 ± 0.04b	0.08 ± 0.01a	0.05 ± 0.03a	0.37 ± 0.04b	0.26 ± 0.04a	1.04 ± 0.11a	2.70 ± 0.24c	2.73 ± 0.51a	5.73 ± 0.81a	16.23 ± 1.36b
N4	0.05 ± 0.02a	0.31 ± 0.03a	0.31 ± 0.04a	0.07 ± 0.02a	0.06 ± 0.02a	0.30 ± 0.03a	0.25 ± 0.05a	1.04 ± 0.13a	2.54 ± 0.26b	2.72 ± 0.35a	5.52 ± 1.13a	13.34 ± 1.36a
N5	0.04 ± 0.01a	0.32 ± 0.02a	0.29 ± 0.03a	0.08 ± 0.02a	0.05 ± 0.01a	0.26 ± 0.03a	0.30 ± 0.05b	1.01 ± 0.14a	2.41 ± 0.26a	2.85 ± 0.54a	5.71 ± 1.32a	12.82 ± 1.08a

Note:

Means followed by a different letter within the column are significantly different at (P < 0.05) probability level according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA).