Table 1.
Characteristics (N (%) or mean ± SD) of Participants by Walking Speed Categories
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Fast or Very Fast (≥0.74 m/s) | Intermediate (<0.74 to ≥0.57 m/s) | Slow (<0.57 m/s) | p | Fast (≥0.75 m/s) | Intermediate (<0.75 to ≥0.62 m/s) | Slow (<0.62 m/s) | p |
| N (%) | 12 902 (94.9) | 497 (3.7) | 190 (1.4) | 4144 (82.2) | 478 (9.5) | 421 (8.3) | ||
| Age (years) | 74.4 ± 5.3 | 78.3 ± 6.0 | 80.0 ± 5.7 | <.001 | 74.9 ± 5.5 | 77.4 ± 5.4 | 78.7 ± 5.6 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 3.9 | 26.8 ± 4.6 | 27.1 ± 4.4 | .080 | 25.9 ± 4.8 | 27.6 ± 6.0 | 28.0 ± 6.3 | <.001 |
| Maximum grip strength (kg) | 40.1 ± 8.6 | 32.0 ± 8.0 | 31.1 ± 8.6 | <.001 | 22.6 ± 5.3 | 20.5 ± 5.4 | 20.0 ± 5.6 | <.001 |
| Grip strength/BMI | 1.53 ± 0.35 | 1.21 ± 0.32 | 1.17 ± 0.32 | <.001 | 0.89 ± 0.24 | 0.76 ± 0.22 | 0.74 ± 0.25 | <.001 |
| Appendicular lean mass (ALM), kg | 23.3 ± 3.7 | 21.0 ± 3.6 | 20.9 ± 3.9 | <.001 | 15.3 ± 3.0 | 15.8 ± 3.7 | 16.1 ± 3.8 | <.001 |
| ALM/ht2, kg/m2 | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | <.001 | 6.3 ± 1 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
| Race | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| White | 10 151 (78.7) | 348 (70.0) | 140 (73.7) | 1594 (38.5) | 156 (32.6) | 140 (33.3) | ||
| Black | 510 (4.0) | 36 (7.2) | 24 (12.6) | 827 (20.0) | 163 (34.1) | 158 (37.5) | ||
| Asian | 2050 (15.9) | 110 (22.1) | 25 (13.2) | 1721 (41.5) | 159 (33.3) | 122 (29.0) | ||
| Other | 191 (1.5) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 0.67 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.09 | <.001 | 1.02 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.49 ± 0.10 | N/A* |
| Self-reported mobility limitation | 1414 (11) | 184 (37) | 115 (60.5) | <.001 | 808 (19.5) | 222 (46.4) | 299 (71) | <.001 |
Note: BMI = body mass index.
*p values are not appropriate for this row, as the walking speed values are known to be different by definition.