Table 1.
Heavy metal adsorption onto selected carbon adsorbents with the highest capacity.
| Heavy Metal | Carbon Adsorbent | Capacity (mg/g) | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Pb(II) | Polyrhodanine modified multi-walled CNTs | 8118 | Chemical adsorption | [193] |
| Cr(VI) | Graphene sand composite | 2859 | Chemical adsorption | [194] |
| Cr(III) | Nitrogen-doped magnetic CNTs | 638 | Chemical adsorption | [165] |
| Cd(II) | GO | 530 | Chemical adsorption | [195] |
| Zn(II) | GO | 345 | Chemical adsorption | [195] |
| Ni(II) | GO | 180 | Surface complexation | [196] |
| Cu(II) | Polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced GO | 1689 | Physical adsorption | [89] |
| Co(II) | zero valent iron/graphene composites | 134 | Chemical adsorption | [197] |
| Fe(III) | chitosan/poly(ethylene-oxide)/AC | 217.4 | Surface complexation & ion exchange | [72] |
| U(VI) | Graphene oxides | 1330 | Surface complexation | [121] |
| As(V) | 3-dimensional graphene | 177.6 | Electrostatic attraction & ion exchange | [98] |