Table 5.
Selected carbon adsorbents with other functional groups for heavy metal removal.
| Material | Heavy Metal | Qmax (mg/g) | Kinetic model | Isotherm | FG | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Waste-art-paper biochars | Pb(II) | 1555 | PSO | Langmuir | -CO32- | [167] |
| Graphene sand composite | Cr(VI) | 2859.38 | - | - | -O-CH3 | [194] |
| Sulfuric acid doped poly diaminopyridine / graphene | Cr(VI) | 609.76 | PSO | Langmuir | -C=C | [210] |
| Nitrogen-doped magnetic CNTs | Cr(III) | 638.56 | PSO | Langmuir | -C-C, | [165] |
| Polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced GO | Cu(II) | 1689 | - | - | -C=C | [89] |
| Zero valent iron (ZVI)/graphene composites | Co(II) | 134.27 | PSO | Freundlich | -C=C | [197] |
| -C=C, | ||||||
| AC from Glebionis coronaria L. biomass | Co(II) | 45.75 | - | Langmuir | [191] | |
| -P-O-C | ||||||
| AC-AMP | Fe(II) | 67.1 | - | - | -CH2 | [205] |
| Amidoxime-grafted multiwalled CNTs | U(VI) | 145 | PSO | Langmuir | -C=N-OH | [192] |
| GO-hydroxyapatite | Sr(II) | 702.18 | PSO | Langmuir | -HPO42- | [208] |
| Chitosan/GO | Au(II) | 1076.65 | PSO | Langmuir | -C=C | [209] |