Table 1.
Recent Cohorts of Patients with COVID-19 with Severe ARDS Supported by VV-ECMO
| Study | Diaz et al. (8) | Schmidt et al. (5) | Barbaro et al. (6) | Shaefi et al. (7) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Chile | France | International | United States |
| Number of patients | 85 | 83 | 1,035 | 190 |
| Age, yr | 48 (41–55) | 49 (41–56) | 49 (41–57) | 49 (41–58) |
| Sex, F, % | 16 | 27 | 26 | 28 |
| Pre-ECMO parameters | ||||
| RESP score | 3 (1–5) | 4 (2–5) | — | 3 (1–5) |
| SOFA score | 10 (7–12) | 12 (9–13) | — | — |
| Time from MV to ECMO, d | 4 (2–7) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | 2 (0–5) |
| Prone positioning, % | 92 | 94 | 60 | 71 |
| Neuromuscular blockers, % | 94 | 96 | 72 | 78 |
| Vt, ml/kg PBW | 5.4 (4.7–6.0) | 6.0 (5.7–6.4) | — | 6.0 (5.3–7.1) |
| PEEP, cm H2O | 10 ± 4.1 | 14 (12–14) | 14 (12–16) | 15 (14–18) |
| Driving pressure, cm H2O | 15 (14–18) | 18 (16–21) | — | 15 (11–18) |
| Static compliance, ml/cm H2O | 22 (18–28) | 22 (18–26) | — | 28 (21–36) |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 87 (64–99) | 60 (54–68) | 72 (59–94) | 72 (61–90) |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 58 (47–71) | 57 (50–68) | 60 (50–74) | 55 (46–66) |
| Time on ECMO, d | 16 (10–27) | 20 (10–40) | 14 (8–23) | 16 (10–23) |
| Time in the ICU, d | 40 (21–57) | 36 (23–60) | — | 31 (20–43) |
| Time in hospital, d | 50 (24–69) | — | 27 (16–43) | 39 (28–53) |
| 60-d mortality, % | 38 | 31 | — | 33 |
| 90-d mortality, % | 39 | 36 | 37 | — |
Definition of abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; MV = mechanical ventilation; PBW = predicted body weight; PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure; RESP = Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; VV-ECMO = venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Continuous variables are expressed as means ± SDs or medians (interquartile range, 25–75).