Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of intervention and control groups
| Intervention (n=186) | Active control (n=186) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 76·9 (5·7) | 77·1 (5·6) |
|
| ||
| Women | 135 (73%) | 136 (73%) |
|
| ||
| Men | 51 (27%) | 50 (27%) |
|
| ||
| Race or ethnicity | ||
| White | 57 (31%) | 27 (25%) |
| Black | 93 (50%) | 80 (48%) |
| Hispanic | 28 (15%) | 34 (18%) |
| Asian | 1 (1%) | 5 (3%) |
| Other and unknown | 7 (4%) | 10 (5%) |
|
| ||
| Mean years of education | 14·08 (3·18) | 13·90 (2·93) |
|
| ||
| Mean comorbidity score (0–10) | 1·96 (1·15) | 2·18 (1·17) |
|
| ||
| Mean walking speed at normal pace, cm/s | 78·13 (18·29) | 77·13 (18·86) |
|
| ||
| Mean walking while talking speed, cm/s | 53·44 (18·79) | 53·58 (18·63) |
|
| ||
| Mean Short Physical Performance Battery score (0–12)* | 6·43 (1·76) | 6·47 (1·86) |
|
| ||
| Mild cognitive impairment | 65 (35%) | 58 (31%) |
|
| ||
| Mean Duke Activity Status Index (0–58·2)*† | 32·21 (13·18) | 33·44 (14·00) |
|
| ||
| Mean Medical Outcomes Study pain scale (0–6)‡ | 2·88 (1·45) | 2·95 (1·49) |
|
| ||
| Mean Blessed test score (0–32)† | 3·84 (2·36) | 3·69 (2·29) |
|
| ||
| Mean digit symbol substitution test (0–133)* | 42·08 (12·66) | 42·31 (12·63) |
|
| ||
| Mean letter fluency test (Normative range for age and education 25–41)* | 34·23 (12·12) | 34·05 (10·05) |
|
| ||
| Mean trail making test B (0–300 s)† | 172·40 (73·35) | 179·83 (77·28) |
|
| ||
| Cognitive leisure activities, days per week | 4·70 (2·81) | 4·81 (2·63) |
|
| ||
| Mean physical leisure activities (CHAMPS), days per month | 7·15 (9·33) | 7·44 (9·82) |
|
| ||
| Computer used in past year | 111 (60%) | 115 (62%) |
|
| ||
| Mean Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Survey score (range 0–33) | 24·14 (4·50) | 23·95 (4·94) |
|
| ||
| Mean Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (range 0–40)* | 34·68 (4·51) | 35·43 (4·56) |
|
| ||
| Mean number of high contact relationships (social support)§ | 4·83 (1·58) | 4·66 (1·75) |
|
| ||
| Mean social network size (total number of contacts) | 17·89 (13·27) | 17·09 (11·77) |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD). CHAMPS=Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors.
*
Higher score represents a better performance.
†
Lower score represents a worse performance.
‡
n=184 for the intervention group and n=185 for the control group.
§
Number of people with whom the respondent has contact at least every 2 weeks.