Table 1.
Country-specific demographic characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases and severity outcome in Asia
| Demographics | Country | Severity | P value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (n = 30) | Indonesia (n = 8) | India (n = 33) | Japan (n = 21) | Malaysia (n = 19) | Pakistan (n = 19) | Singapore (n = 130) | Mild/moderate (n = 230) | Severe/critical (n = 26) | ||
| Age, y | 10 (5–13) | 12.5 (11–14.5) | 3 (1–8) | 4 (2–9) | 6 (2–14) | 4 (1–11) | 7 (3–12) | 7 (3–12) | 4 (1–12) | 0.204 |
| Weight, kg | 26.1 (10.0–26.1) | 34.0 (24.0–39.5) | 11.0 (7.5–24.0) | 15.0 (12.0–17.0) | 14.6 (10.6–25.0) | 15.0 (9.0–35.0) | 23.3 (12.9–44.8) | 20.5 (12.0–36.5) | 12.5 (6.5–36.0) | 0.039 |
| Male | 17 (56.7) | 2 (25.0) | 17 (51.5) | 7 (33.3) | 10 (52.6) | 17 (89.5) | 73 (56.2) | 123 (53.5) | 18 (69.2) | 0.148 |
| Infants | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (30.3) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (21.1) | 8 (6.2) | 18 (7.8) | 8 (30.8) | 0.002 |
| Breastfeeding | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (77.8) | 1 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 3 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | 5 (83.3) | 0.616 |
| Travel history | 11 (36.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (5.3) | 77 (59.2) | 88 (38.6) | 2 (14.3) | 0.088 |
| Exposure to confirmed case | 27 (90.0) | 5 (62.5) | 24 (72.7) | 20 (95.2) | 16 (84.2) | 0 (0.0) | 115 (88.5) | 200 (90.5) | 5 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
| Health care | 1 (3.3) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.1) | 5 (2.2) | 1 (3.8) | 0.478 |
| School | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Household | 23 (76.7) | 4 (50.0) | 24 (72.7) | 12 (57.1) | 13 (68.4) | 0 (0.0) | 113 (86.9) | 183 (79.6) | 4 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (38.1) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 14 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.373 |
| Comorbidities | 1 (3.3) | 3 (37.5) | 7 (21.2) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (21.1) | 17 (89.5) | 17 (13.1) | 29 (12.6) | 20 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (15.4) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Hematology/oncology | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Neurological | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9.1) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (1.5) | 5 (2.2) | 4 (15.4) | |
| Renal | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (3.8) | |
| Respiratory | 0 (0.0) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Other | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 14 (10.8) | 16 (7.0) | 1 (3.8) | |
Categorical variables are presented as count (percentage) and continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range).
*
The P value shows the differences between the two severity groups.