Table 2.
Antiviral Effectiveness of the Saliva Samples Against Various Viruses. IC90 and MIC in (µg/mL)
| hRV1a (IC90) | hRV8 (IC90) | hCoV OC43 (MIC) | IV A H1N1n (MIC) | Coxsackievirus A10 (IC90) | PIV3 (MIC) | SARS-CoV-2 (IC90) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean IC90/MIC | 9.5 | 2.38 | 0.025 | 0.66 | 14.79 | 0.07 | 7.46 |
| SD | 3.71 | 3.00 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 11.02 | 0.01 | 4.72 |
| Minimum | 4.76 | 0.69 | 0.007 | 0.24 | 5.97 | 0.02 | 1.47 |
| Lower quartile | 6.79 | 1.17 | 0.024 | 0.52 | 8.13 | 0.07 | 4.75 |
| Median | 8.98 | 1.36 | 0.024 | 0.80 | 8.74 | 0.07 | 5.49 |
| Upper quartile | 11.22 | 2.44 | 0.024 | 0.80 | 21.32 | 0.07 | 9.89 |
| Maximum | 18.9 | 16.57 | 0.081 | 0.80 | 49.19 | 0.07 | 22.56 |
Notes: The respective viruses were incubated with a dilution series of the treated saliva samples before infection of a susceptible cell line. After assay determination antiviral effectiveness was determined as described in the material and methods section (N=27). The reference (iota-carrageenan in 0.5% NaCl) showed an equal or highly similar IC90/MIC as the treated saliva samples in all assays, indicating that the antiviral activity of iota-carrageenan persists in the complex saliva matrix.
Abbreviations: IV, influenza virus; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; IC90, 90% maximal inhibitory concentration; SD, standard deviation; N, population size.