Table 2.
Study | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Reporting bias | Other sources of bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pilar et al., 2014 | U | U | L | U | H | H | H |
Mirfatahi et al., 2016 | L | L | H | U | L | H | L |
Soleimani et al., 2017 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Soleimani et al., 2017 | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
Akrami et al., 2017 | L | L | L | U | U | U | L |
Raygan et al., 2019 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Jamilian et al., 2020 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Rezaei et al., 2020 | L | L | L | U | L | L | L |
1Each study was assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool [21]. Domains of assessment included random sequence generation, allocation concealment, reporting bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, and other sources of bias. Each domain was scored as “high risk” if it contained methodological flaws that may have affected the results, “low risk” if the flaw was deemed inconsequential, and “unclear risk” if information was insufficient to determine. If a study obtained “low risk” for all domains, it is considered as a high-quality study with totally low risk of bias.