Table 1.
Viral targeting drugs evaluated by cell based CPE assay.
| Drug candidates | Disease indications | Targets | Inhibition activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| EK1 (Xia et al., 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50= 2.38 μM |
| SARS-CoV-2-HR2P (Xia et al., 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50= 0.98 μM |
| EK1C4 (Xia et al., 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50 = 1.3 nM |
| ACE2-Ig (Changhai Lei, 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50 = 0.65 μg/ml |
| mACE2-Ig (Changhai Lei, 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50 = 0.48 μg/ml |
| F (ab’)2 (Pan et al., 2020) | under investigation | S protein | EC50 = 0.07 μg/ml |
| sdAbs (Chi et al., 2020) | under investigation | S protein | IC50 = 0.23∼0.50 μg/mL |
| α-ketoamide (13b) (Zhang et al., 2020) | under investigation | 3CLPro | IC50 = 0.67 μM EC50 = 4–5 μM |
| compound 11a (Dai et al., 2020) | under investigation | 3CLPro | IC50 = 0.05 μM EC50 = 0.42 μM |
| compound 11b (Dai et al., 2020) | under investigation | 3CLPro | IC50 = 0.04 μM EC50 = 0.33 μM |
| inhibitor N3 (Yang et al., 2005) | under investigation | 3CLPro | EC50 = 16.77 μM |
| Ebselen (Jin et al., 2020) | treatment for stroke | 3CLPro | EC50 = 4.67 μM |
| Nelfinavir (Xu et al., 2020) | treatment of HIV infection | 3CLPro | EC50 = 2.89 μM |
| Atazanavir (Fintelman-Rodrigues et al., 2020) | treatment of HIV infection | 3CLPro | EC50 = 2.0 μM |
| Dipyridamole (Liu et al., 2020) | platelet inhibitor | 3CLPro | IC50 = 0.53 μM EC50 = 0.1 μM |
| Baicalin (Su et al., 2020) | under investigation | 3CLPro | EC50 = 10.27 μM |
| Baicalein (Su et al., 2020) | under investigation | 3CLPro | EC50 = 1.69 μM |
| Chloroquine (Wang et al., 2020) | treat or prevent malaria | PLPro | EC50 = 1.13 μM |
| Hydroxychloroquine (Liu et al., 2020) | treat or prevent malaria | PLPro | EC50 = 4.51 μM |
| Remdesivir (Wang et al., 2020) | an investigational antiviral compound | RdRp | EC50 = 0.77 μM |
| Ribavirin (Wang et al., 2020) | Treat viral infections | RdRp | EC50 = 109.50 μM |
| Penciclovir (Wang et al., 2020) | treat cold sores | N/A | EC50 = 95.96 μM |
| Favipiravir (Wang et al., 2020) | the treatment of influenza | N/A | EC50 = 61.88 μM |
| Nafamostat (Wang et al., 2020) | treat acute pancreatitis | N/A | EC50 = 22.50 μM |
| Nitazoxanide (Wang et al., 2020) | treat diarrhea caused by Giardia or Cryptosporidium | N/A | EC50 = 2.12 μM |
| Niclosamide (Jeon et al., 2020) | treatment of worm infections | N/A | IC50=0.88 μM |
| Ciclesonide (Jeon et al., 2020) | prevent and reduce the symptoms caused by asthma | N/A | IC50=4.33 μM |
| Ribonucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (Sheahan et al., 2020) | under investigation | N/A | IC50=0.3 μM |
| Cepharanthine (Fan et al., 2020) | treatment of leukopenia, snake bites, xerostomia and alopecia | N/A | EC50 = 0.98 μM |
| Auranofin (Rothan et al., 2020) | treat rheumatoid arthritis | N/A | EC50 = 1.5 μM |
| Ivermectin (Caly et al., 2020) | anti-parasitic drugs | N/A | IC50 = 2 μM |