Fig. 4.

The effects of single or combinatory treatments with therapeutic hypothermia, LY333531 and gp91ds-tat on Nox2 activity and superoxide anion release in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and astrocytes (HAs). Exposure of either cell line to hyperglycaemia led to significant increases in oxidase activity and superoxide anion generation. While treatment with single therapies effectively inhibited both parameters, co-application of therapeutic hypothermia with LY333531 or gp91ds-tat appeared to be more effective in reducing Nox2 activity A and B and superoxide anion release C and D in both HBMEC and HA subjected to hyperglycaemic insult for 120 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from three different experiments. ^*P < 0.05 versus normoglycaemia (NG), ^#P < 0.05 versus HG, ^ΨP < 0.05 versus HG + TH, ^γP < 0.05 versus HG + LY333531, and ^ςP < 0.05 versus gp91ds-tat. NG, normoglycaemia; HG, hyperglycaemia; TH, therapeutic hypothermia