Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and treatment of 1-year survivors of traumatic brain injury patients who had no pre-injury history of psychotropic drug use
| Variables | All patients without pre-TBI drug use (N = 1439) |
Post-TBI psychotropic medication use (N = 400) | No psychotropic medication use (N = 1039) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 51 (33, 63) | 53 (36, 64) | 51 (31, 63) | 0.08 |
| 18–40 years | 472 (33%) | 118 (30%) | 354 (34%) | 0.25 |
| 41–64 years | 639 (44%) | 185 (46%) | 454 (44%) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 328 (23%) | 97 (24%) | 231 (22%) | |
| GCS score, median (IQR) | 11 (6, 14) | 9 (5–13) | 12 (7–14) | < 0.001 |
| 3–8 | 542 (38%) | 191 (48%) | 351 (34%) | < 0.001 |
| 9–12 | 309 (21%) | 91 (23%) | 218 (21%) | |
| 13–15 | 588 (41%) | 118 (30%) | 470 (45%) | |
| Females | 266 (18%) | 84 (21%) | 182 (18%) | 0.13 |
| Pre-admission performance status* | ||||
| Fit for work or equal | 1058 (74%) | 270 (68%) | 788 (76%) | 0.003 |
| Unfit for work, but independent in self-care | 330 (23%) | 118 (30%) | 212 (20%) | |
| Partially dependent in self-care | 41 (3%) | 9 (2%) | 32 (3%) | |
| Totally dependent in self-care | 10 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 7 (1%) | |
| Significant chronic comorbidity† | 70 (5%) | 16 (4%) | 54 (5%) | 0.34 |
| SAPS II score, median (IQR) | 30 (20, 41) | 34 (24, 45) | 28 (20, 40) | < 0.001 |
| Marshall CT classification | ||||
| DI I | 179 (12%) | 35 (9%) | 144 (14%) | 0.001 |
| DI II | 587 (41%) | 156 (39%) | 431 (41%) | |
| DI III | 126 (9%) | 35 (9%) | 91 (9%) | |
| DI IV | 18 (1%) | 11 (3%) | 7 (1%) | |
| EML V/NEML VI | 529 (37%) | 163 (41%) | 366 (35%) | |
| Craniotomy and hematoma evacuation | 487 (34%) | 169 (42%) | 318 (31%) | < 0.001 |
| Decompressive craniectomy | 29 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 22 (2%) | 0.66 |
| External ventricular drain | 79 (5%) | 27 (7%) | 52 (5%) | 0.19 |
| ICP monitoring | 336 (23%) | 114 (29%) | 222 (21%) | 0.004 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 869 (60%) | 290 (73%) | 579 (56%) | < 0.001 |
| LOS ICU, days, median (IQR) | 2 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 6) | 2 (1, 4) | < 0.001 |
| LOS hospital, days, median (IQR) | 7 (4, 12) | 8 (4–15) | 6 (4, 11) | < 0.001 |
Analyses do not include those with a history of psychotropic medication use prior to the index hospitalization
*A modified World Health Organization/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group classification system implemented by the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium
†Any chronic comorbidity according to APACHE II or to SAPS II
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DI, diffuse injury; GCS; Glasgow Coma Scale; EML/NEML, evacuated/non-evacuated mass lesion; LOS, length of stay; ICP, intracranial pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury