Table 2.
Sample and dietary characteristics of n = 10,333 3-day-weighted dietary records of n = 1275 DONALD (boys n = 648, girls n = 627) participants aged 3.5–18.5 years, collected between 1985 and June 2019, stratified by sex and age groups, DONALD study
| Boys | Girls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 < 6.5 | 6.5 < 10.5 | 10.5 < 14.5 | 14.5 ≤ 18.5 | 3.5 < 6.5 | 6.5 < 10.5 | 10.5 < 14.5 | 14.5 ≤ 18.5 | |
| nparticipantsa | 556 | 505 | 407 | 294 | 539 | 471 | 376 | 289 |
| n3-day-dietary-records (%) | 1392 (26) | 1644 (31) | 1300 (25) | 943 (18) | 1360 (27) | 1552 (31) | 1229 (24) | 913 (18) |
| Age (years) | 5.0 (4.1; 6.0) | 8.2 (7.2; 9.2) | 12.2 (11.2; 13.2) | 16.2 (15.2; 17.2) | 5.0 (4.1; 6.0) | 8.2 (7.3; 9.2) | 12.2 (11.2; 13.2) | 11.2 (15.2; 17.3) |
| Underreported records | 34 (2.4) | 65 (4.0) | 169 (13.0) | 215 (22.8) | 36 (2.7) | 30 (1.9) | 104 (8.5) | 195 (21.4) |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||
| BMI | 15.6 (14.9; 16.4) | 15.6 (14.8; 16.7) | 17.7 (16.1; 19.5) | 20.4 (18.5; 22.9) | 15.5 (14.8; 16.4) | 15.5 (14.7; 16.9) | 17.3 (16.0; 19.6) | 20.5 (18.8; 22.7) |
| Normal weight | 452 (81.3) | 415 (82.2) | 312 (76.7) | 215 (73.1) | 421 (78.1) | 345 (73.3) | 279 (74.2) | 219 (75.8) |
| Overweight | 32 (5.8) | 38 (7.5) | 55 (13.5) | 49 (16.7) | 55 (10.2) | 59 (12.5) | 52 (13.8) | 33 (11.4) |
| Obesity | 3 (0.5) | 10 (2.0) | 9 (2.1) | 11 (3.7) | 5 (0.9) | 5 (1.1) | 5 (1.3) | 5 (1.7) |
| Underweightb | 69 (12.4) | 42 (8.3) | 31 (7.6) | 19 (6.5) | 58 (10.8) | 62 (13.2) | 40 (10.6) | 32 (11.1) |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||||
| Normal weight | 376 (68.7) | 341 (68.9) | 259 (64.8) | 173 (60.1) | 366 (69.2) | 312 (67.1) | 224 (60.2) | 174 (60.8) |
| Overweight | 127 (23.2) | 115 (23.2) | 107 (26.8) | 85 (29.5) | 123 (23.3) | 121 (26.0) | 113 (30.4) | 82 (28.7) |
| Obesity | 44 (8.0) | 39 (7.9) | 34 (8.5) | 30 (10.4) | 40 (7.6) | 32 (6.9) | 35 (9.4) | 30 (10.5) |
| High educational statusc | 387 (69.6) | 321 (63.7) | 241 (59.4) | 174 (59.2) | 353 (65.6) | 294 (62.4) | 222 (59.4) | 171 (59.4) |
| Employment | 243 (43.7) | 296 (58.6) | 269 (66.1) | 213 (72.5) | 238 (44.2) | 260 (55.2) | 246 (65.4) | 196 (67.8) |
| Dietary characteristics | ||||||||
| TEI (kcal/day) | 1353 (1195; 1520) | 1720 (1518; 1922) | 2010 (1742; 2310) | 2439 (2083; 2810) | 1235 (1094; 1384) | 1545 (1356; 1720) | 1772 (1525; 2021) | 1778 (1503; 2054) |
| TD (g/1000 kcal of TEI) | 213 (142; 293) | 191 (124; 275) | 170 (100; 246) | 151 (92; 223) | 204 (132; 280) | 174 (113; 247) | 151 (93; 215) | 143 (81; 215) |
| LFD (w%TD) | 15.1 (1.5; 60.0) | 16.8 (1.1; 60.5) | 24.4 (1.4; 72.0) | 28.4 (1.5; 75.8) | 18.0 (1.6; 62.5) | 21.1 (1.5; 62.9) | 27.5 (1.3; 72.0) | 34.0 (0.9; 72.8) |
| HSD (w%TD) | 28.9 (12.2; 52.3) | 24.1 (9.1; 46.5) | 24.1 (8.5; 48.3) | 18.9 (6.0; 41.5) | 31.9 (14.7; 59.1) | 29.6 (12.8; 53.9) | 31.1 (13.0; 56.0) | 27.6 (11.2; 50.8) |
| FD (w%TD) | 20.3 (7.8; 41.3) | 20.0 (7.9; 40.5) | 23.6 (9.7; 46.4) | 25.5 (10.2; 48.2) | 22.0 (8.7; 41.1) | 22.0 (9.0; 42.2) | 27.8 (11.3; 51.7) | 32.4 (16.1; 58.9) |
| LD (w%TD) | 56.6 (29.4; 75.9) | 52.2 (20.7; 73.1) | 43.4 (0.0; 68.0) | 40.4 (0.0; 67.2) | 55.2 (27.3; 76.5) | 51.2 (22.8; 72.3) | 40.8 (0.0; 65.8) | 34.6 (0.0; 63.4) |
Values are n (%) or medians (25th, 75th percentile)
TEI total energy intake; TD total dairy; LFD low fat dairy; HSD high sugar dairy; FD fermented dairy; LD liquid dairy; w%TD intake weight as % of total dairy
aDue to repeated measurements per participant. One person can occur in more than one age group
bIOTF Criteria
c > 12 years school education