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. 2021 Sep 13;11:18178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97548-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Subjects who abuse METH harbor an altered bacterial gut microbiota. PCoA of the bacterial beta diversity based on the (a) unweighted and (b) weighted UniFrac distances. (c) Three-dimensional PCoA of bacterial beta diversity based on the weighted UniFrac distances. (d) PCA of bacterial beta diversity based on the Euclidean distances. Subjects who abuse METH and Ctr subjects are colored in red and blue, respectively.