Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants at baseline.
| All (n = 40) | AVF flow ≥ 600 mL/min (n = 22) | AVF flow < 600 mL/min (n = 18) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59 ± 13a | 59 ± 15 | 60 ± 10 | 0.80 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 19 (48) | 9 (41) | 10 (56) | 0.53 |
| Time between first scan to AVF creation, daysb | 9 (4–23) | 14 (5–74) | 7 (2–17) | 0.13 |
| Time between first and second scan, daysb | 58 (47–85) | 63 (51–115) | 51 (46–63) | 0.14 |
| Time between AVF creation to second scan, daysb | 44 (41–49) | 45 (41–49) | 43 (41–46) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 15 (38) | 6 (27) | 9 (50) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 34 (85) | 17 (77) | 17 (94) | 0.20 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 7 (18) | 5 (23) | 2 (11) | 0.43 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 6 (15) | 3 (14) | 3 (17) | 1.0 |
| Smoking, n (%)c | 22 (55) | 12 (55) | 10 (56) | 1.0 |
| Location of AVF, n (%) | 0.11 | |||
| Forearm AVF | 16 (40) | 6 (27) | 10 (56) | |
| Upper arm AVF | 24 (60) | 16 (73) | 8 (44) | |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/Ld | 458 ± 127 | 486 ± 140 | 394 ± 56 | 0.14 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2d | 12 ± 3 | 11 ± 2 | 13 ± 3 | 0.24 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 17 (43) | 7 (32) | 10 (56) | 0.20 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| ACEi or ARB | 13 (33) | 6 (27) | 7 (39) | 0.51 |
| Beta blocker | 24 (60) | 12 (55) | 12 (67) | 0.53 |
| Statin | 25 (63) | 16 (73) | 9 (50) | 0.19 |
| Aspirin or Clopidogrel | 19 (48) | 15 (68) | 4 (22) | 0.005 |
AVF arteriovenous fistula, GFR glomerular filtration rate calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD EPI) formula, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker.
aPlus-minus values are mean ± SD.
bMedian (IQR).
cCurrent or previous.
dIncludes 23 non-dialysis participants.