Table 1.
Participant socio-demographic characteristics (n=342)
| n | % | |
| Age category | ||
| 20–29 years old | 69 | 20.2 |
| 30–39 years old | 99 | 28.9 |
| 40–49 years old | 89 | 26.0 |
| 50+ years old | 77 | 22.5 |
| Missing | 8 | 2.3 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 232 | 67.8 |
| Unmarried | 107 | 31.3 |
| Missing | 3 | 0.9 |
| Husband’s nationality | ||
| Non-Japanese | 119 | 34.8 |
| Japanese | 113 | 33.0 |
| Unmarried | 107 | 31.3 |
| Missing | 3 | 0.9 |
| Educational level | ||
| Elementary or no grade completed | 8 | 2.30 |
| High school | 92 | 26.9 |
| College | 235 | 68.7 |
| Would rather not say | 6 | 1.8 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.3 |
| Survey place | ||
| Church | 304 | 88.9 |
| Festival | 38 | 11.1 |
| Years of living in Japan | ||
| Less than 1 year | 37 | 10.8 |
| 1–4 years | 45 | 13.2 |
| 5–9 years | 45 | 13.2 |
| 10–19 years | 102 | 29.8 |
| 20+ years | 80 | 23.4 |
| Missing | 33 | 9.7 |
| Proficiency level in reading in Japanese | ||
| Poor | 109 | 31.9 |
| Standard | 178 | 52.0 |
| Fluent | 37 | 10.8 |
| Would rather not say | 14 | 4.1 |
| Missing | 4 | 1.2 |
| Proficiency level in communicating in Japanese | ||
| Poor | 125 | 36.5 |
| Standard | 138 | 40.4 |
| Fluent | 64 | 18.7 |
| Would rather not say | 4 | 1.2 |
| Missing | 11 | 3.2 |
| Number of children | ||
| 0 | 85 | 24.9 |
| 1 | 92 | 26.9 |
| 2 | 81 | 23.7 |
| 3–4 | 64 | 18.7 |
| 5+ | 5 | 1.5 |
| Unknown number of children | 5 | 1.5 |
| Missing | 10 | 2.9 |
| Youngest child’s birthplace | ||
| Outside of Japan | 95 | 27.8 |
| Japanese | 134 | 39.2 |
| Missing | 28 | 8.2 |
| No child | 85 | 24.9 |
| Youngest child’s age | ||
| No children 15 years old or under | 81 | 23.7 |
| 15 years old or under | 145 | 42.4 |
| No children | 85 | 24.9 |
| Missing | 30 | 8.8 |
| Invalid | 1 | 0.3 |
| Residential status in Japan | ||
| Student (ryugakusei) | 8 | 2.3 |
| International service (English or Philippine language teacher) | 5 | 1.5 |
| Technical intern training (kenshusei) | 35 | 10.2 |
| Designated activities (nurse and certified care worker under EPA, tokutei katsudo) | 6 | 1.8 |
| Permanent (eijyusha, teijyusha) | 171 | 50.0 |
| Spouse or child of Japanese nationals (nihonjin no haigusha) | 81 | 23.7 |
| Other | 11 | 3.2 |
| Would rather not say | 6 | 1.8 |
| Missing | 12 | 3.5 |
| Invalid | 7 | 2.1 |
| Health Insurance | ||
| Not covered | 17 | 5.0 |
| Covered | 316 | 92.4 |
| Missing | 9 | 2.6 |
| Health Insurance type | ||
| Not covered | 17 | 5.0 |
| National health insurance (kokuho) | 105 | 30.7 |
| Health insurance of Japan health insurance association (kyokai kenpo) | 114 | 33.3 |
| Society-managed employment-based health insurance (kumiai kenpo) | 26 | 7.6 |
| Other | 10 | 2.9 |
| Don’t know | 24 | 7.0 |
| Would rather not say | 7 | 2.0 |
| Missing | 29 | 8.5 |
| Invalid | 10 | 2.9 |