Table 2.
Patient demographics, indications for total hip arthroplasty (THA), comorbidities, preoperative medication, THA, postoperative blood transfusion, and THA dislocation on hospitalization
| Characteristics | With
postoperative delirium (n = 8) |
Without
postoperative delirium (n = 730) |
p value |
| Patient demographics | |||
| Age at THA (years)** | 77
[65–82] |
62
[22–92] |
<0.001 |
| Gender (men / women ratio) | 3 / 5 | 102 / 628 | 0.092 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 22.8 ± 5.2 | 24.3 ± 4.0 | 0.446 |
| Indications for THA | |||
| Primary hip osteoarthritis, n (%) | 2 (25.0) | 50 (6.8) | 0.104 |
| Developmental dysplasia of the hip, n (%) | 4 (50.0) | 619 (84.8) | 0.024 |
| Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 27 (3.7) | 0.267 |
| Rapidly destructive coxarthrosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | 1.000 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.2) | 1.000 |
| Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (0.8) | 0.074 |
| Perthes’ disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (0.8) | 1.000 |
| Risk factors for falls | |||
| Visual deficit, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 20 (2.7) | 0.207 |
| Age > 80 years, n (%) | 3 (37.5) | 46 (6.3) | 0.012 |
| Hemiplegia after cerebral infarction, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 21 (2.9) | 0.216 |
| Use of postoperative ketamine and benzodiazepines, n (%) | 2 (25.0) | 39 (5.3) | 0.068 |
| Use of intraoperative opioids and ketamine, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Three or more medications, n (%) | 5 (62.5) | 306 (41.9) | 0.292 |
| Depression and Anxiety, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| THA | |||
| Posterolateral approach, n (%) | 8 (100) | 730 (100) | 1.000 |
| Surgical time (minutes)** | 41.0
[27.0–53.0] |
42.0
[23.0–180.0] |
0.334 |
| Blood loss (mL)* | 240.4 ± 117.5 | 274.9 ± 119.4 | 0.436 |
| Postoperative blood transfusion, n (%) | 2 (25.0) | 116 (15.9) | 0.621 |
| THA dislocation on hospitalization | |||
| Falling from a standing position, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.011 |
| Moving in a deep-seated position on the bed, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.4) | 1.000 |
THA: total hip arthroplasty
Normally and non-normally distributed variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and median [minimum - maximum] and were compared using *Student’s t-test and **the Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively.