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. 2021 Sep 13;11:18119. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97429-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Clinical features, phenotypic, physiological, ecological, and other traits, group Paracoccidioides species into two clusters (a,b). Panel (c) display the phylogenetic analysis of 59 Gp43 and ADP-rf Paracoccidioides species concatenated partial DNA sequences (including four USA dolphin). The phenotypic features shared by P. americana, P. brasiliensis (sensu stricto), P. lutzii, P. restrepiensis and P. venezuelensis is shown in panel “a”. Panel “b” comprises common phenotypic features shared by P. cetii and P. loboi. The phylogenetic traits (Panel c) using Gp43 and ADP-rf concatenated data in phylogenetic analysis, placed members of both clusters (a,b) on inverted phylogenetic groups. For instance, P. lutzii grouped with P. loboi whereas P. cetii clustered with the other Paracoccidioides species. However, without the inclusion of P. cetii DNA sequences, P. loboi would appear as an independent genus, as described by others^15,16,24,25. (Clinical picture in panel b were courtesy of Drs. J. St. Leger, G. D. Bossart, L. Ajello, and P. Rosa).