Table 1.
Patient and tumour characteristics of the study population by post-diagnosis proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC).
| Characteristic | PPI Nonusers (n = 14,610) N (%)a | PPI Users (n = 17,801) N (%)a | Total (n = 32,411) N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, years | |||
| <65 | 3823 (26) | 5556 (31) | 9379 (29) |
| 65–75 | 4393 (30) | 5537 (31) | 9950 (31) |
| >=75 | 6394 (44) | 6688 (38) | 13,082 (40) |
| Sex, male | 7877 (54) | 9104 (51) | 16,981 (52) |
| Pre-diagnosis PPI users | 2919 (20) | 7722 (43) | 10,641 (33) |
| Tumour stage | |||
| 0 + I | 2069 (14) | 1981 (11) | 4050 (13) |
| II | 3678 (25) | 3794 (21) | 7472 (23) |
| III | 3002 (21) | 4223 (24) | 7225 (22) |
| IV | 2355 (16) | 3802 (21) | 6157 (19) |
| Tumour site | |||
| Colon | 9518 (65) | 11,895 (67) | 23,980 (66) |
| Rectum | 5092 (35) | 5906 (33) | 10,998 (34) |
| CRC surgery | 11 514 (79) | 14,491 (82) | 26,005 (81) |
| Charlson Comorbidity index score | |||
| Low (2) | 7086 (49) | 7870 (44) | 14,956 (46) |
| Moderate (3–4) | 5258 (36) | 6466 (36) | 11,724 (36) |
| High (5–6) | 1645 (11) | 2262 (13) | 3907 (12) |
| Very High (7+) | 621 (4) | 1203 (7) | 1824 (6) |
| Indications for use of PPI | |||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux | 820 (6) | 3008 (17) | 3828 (12) |
| Peptic ulcers | 402 (3) | 1484 (8) | 1886 (6) |
| Gastroduodenitis | 471 (3) | 1751 (10) | 2222 (7) |
| Maintenance use of low-dose aspirin | 5652 (39) | 7062 (40) | 12,714 (39) |
| Maintenance use of nonaspirin NSAIDs | 8349 (57) | 11,284 (63) | 19,633 (61) |
| None | 3061 (21) | 2806 (16) | 5867 (18) |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), years | 2.66 (1.19–4.81) | 2.79 (1.42–4.80) | 2.74 (1.32–4.80) |
NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, CRC colorectal cancer, IQR interquartile range.
aPPI users were patients who had at least one PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC; PPI nonusers were patients not collecting PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC.